Final exam MIS

IT Career Opportunities

Various career options in IT, such as programming, business analysis, project management, and executive roles.

Managing Information Resources

The challenges and importance of managing information resources due to their strategic value and complexity.

Computer-Based Information Systems

Components and capabilities of computer-based information systems, including hardware, software, databases, networks, and procedures.

Impact of IT on Organizations

The transformative impact of IT on industries, job categories, and employee health and safety.

Importance of Information Systems to Society

The impact of IT on quality of life, healthcare, cognitive computing, and robotics.

Business Processes

The definition and importance of business processes in enhancing competitive advantage and adding value.

Business Process Improvement (BPI)

An incremental approach to improving business processes using methodologies like Six Sigma.

Business Process Management (BPM)

A management system supporting continuous BPI initiatives over time.

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

Radical redesign of business processes for increased productivity and profitability.

Competitive Advantage and Strategic Information Systems

Porter's Competitive Forces Model and Value Chain Model in achieving competitive advantage.

Managing Data

Difficulties and challenges in managing data, including data increase, multiple sources, and legal requirements.

Data Governance

Objectives, areas, and components of data governance, including master data management, metadata management, data quality, data catalog, and data lineage.

Managing Big Data

Issues and considerations in managing big data, including untrusted sources and database environments.

Data Warehouses and Data Marts

Definitions, characteristics, and generic environment of data warehouses and data marts.

Fundamentals of Relational Database Operations

Query languages, entity relationship modeling, and database operations like joins and normalization.

Knowledge Management

Concepts and definitions of knowledge, knowledge management, explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, and knowledge management systems (KMS) cycle.

E-Business and E-Commerce

Definitions, types of organizations and their degree of digitization, types of e-commerce, e-commerce business models, and major e-commerce mechanisms.

Benefits of E-Commerce

Accessibility to national and international markets, lower costs, 24/7 availability, and delivery to diverse locations.

Limitations of E-Commerce

Lack of universally accepted security standards, insufficient telecommunications bandwidth, and perceptions of insecurity.

Ethics and Privacy

Principles of ethics, ethical frameworks, approaches for resolving ethical issues, and fundamental tenets in the corporate environment.

Privacy

Introduction to privacy, information privacy, digital dossiers, electronic surveillance, personal information in databases, and privacy codes and policies.

Information Security

Challenges, human errors risk areas, social engineering, types of software attacks, risk mitigation, control environment, and information system auditing.

Cloud Computing

Evolution of IT infrastructure, challenges of traditional IT infrastructure, characteristics of cloud computing, server virtualization, benefits of cloud computing, types of cloud, types of cloud computing service, and concerns and risks with cloud computing.

Web Services

Applications delivered over the Internet (the cloud).

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Collection of web services used to build an organization’s IT applications.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Systems that continuously collect real-time data, efficiently handle high volumes of data, avoid errors and downtime, and maintain privacy and security.

Functional Area Information Systems (FAIS)

Information systems for specific functional areas within an organization, such as accounting and finance, production/operations management, and human resource management.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

Systems that integrate various core and extended modules to improve organizational flexibility, decision support, and business processes.

ERP II Systems

Interorganizational ERP systems that provide links among a company’s key business systems and relevant parties.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Treats customers differently based on their needs and value to the company, involving customer intimacy, lifetime value, and customer churn.

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Coordinates activities in an industry, enabling automatic requests for products, generating forecasting analyses, and managing materials and resources.

Business Analytics

The process of developing actionable decisions or recommendations for actions based on insights from historical data using applications, technologies, and processes.

IT Strategic Plan

Aligned with the organization's strategic plan, provides an IT architecture, and efficiently allocates IS development resources among competing projects.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Evaluating IT investments by assessing costs (direct and indirect) and benefits (tangible and intangible).

Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A structured approach to developing information systems, involving stages such as systems investigation, analysis, design, programming and testing, implementation, and operation and maintenance.

Agile Development

A flexible and iterative approach to software development, involving sprints, scrum, backlog, and ceremonies like sprint planning and retrospective.

Wireless Devices

Small, portable devices with sufficient computing power and wireless communication capabilities, but also posing risks of capturing and transmitting sensitive information.

Wireless Transmission Media

Channels for wireless communication, including microwave, satellite, and radio, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Telecommunications Satellites

Three types of satellites - geostationary earth orbit (GEO), middle earth orbit (MEO), and low earth orbit (LEO) - with different characteristics and purposes.

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

A wireless system that uses satellites to enable users to determine their location wherever on earth.

GPS Systems

Used in cars and phones for navigation, mapping, surveying, and 911 location. Three additional systems are planned/operational:GLONASS (Russia 2011), Galileo (EU 2016), and Beidou (China 2022).

Satellite Applications

Additional uses of satellites include Internet over satellite (IoS) for accessing the internet without cables, commercial imaging for satellite-based earth images, and integration of images with other data for monitoring urban development.

Radio and Other Internet Access Models

Radio transmission connects outer equipment and local area networks (LANs), while Google Loon and Altaeros' Internet blimps provide internet access to rural and remote areas using aerial wireless networks.

Major Threats to Wireless Network

Rogue access point, evil twin attack, war driving, eavesdropping, and radio frequency jamming pose threats to wireless networks.

Ranges of Wireless Networks

Short range, medium range, Bluetooth (personal area network), ultra-wideband, near-field communications, Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks), wireless access point, hotspot, Wi-Fi Direct, MiFi, and Li-Fi (using light to transmit data and position).

Wide Area Wireless Networks

Cellular radio (1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, 5G) and wireless broadband (WiMAX) provide wide area wireless network coverage.

Wireless Broadband or WiMAX

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a secure system with a wireless access range of up to 50 km and a data transfer rate of up to 75 Mbps.

Mobile Computing

Offers mobility, broad reach, and five value-added attributes:ubiquity, convenience, instant connectivity, customization, and localization. Enables mobile commerce (m-commerce) applications.

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)

Can be active or passive and is used for various applications such as inventory management and tracking.

Examples of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Use

Smart home, digital twins, healthcare, automotive industry, supply chain management, environmental monitoring, infrastructure management, energy management, agriculture (precision agriculture), transportation, and farming.