Chem Knowt: Chapter 9

Potential Energy

Energy due to the position or composition of an object.

Kinetic Energy

Energy due to the motion of an object.

Heat Flow

The transfer of thermal energy between two bodies at different temperatures.

Exothermic processes release heat, while endothermic processes absorb heat.

Exothermic vs Endothermic

Heat Capacity

The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree Celsius at constant pressure.

Calorimetry

The measurement of heat flow during a physical or chemical process.

Enthalpy

The heat absorbed or released by a chemical reaction at constant pressure.

Work

The energy transferred when a force moves an object through a distance.

Lattice Energy

The extra stability that accompanies the formation of a crystal lattice in an ionic compound.

System

The part of the universe that is the focus of a thermodynamic study.

Surroundings

Everything in the universe that is not part of the system.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, only changed in form.

Ion Size

The force of attraction between charged particles is inversely proportional to the distance between them.

Ion Charge

The force of attraction between oppositely charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charges.