AP Euro Unit VII Terms

elite

A group of people with a common interest like fashion, art, etc.

carnival

A period of time where people fasted, varying by religion/region.

popular culture

Culture of the lower classes, often considered inferior to elite culture.

the world turned upside down

A form of entertainment where roles were reversed, e.g., people rode horses backwards.

East India Companies

Companies that traded with countries east of the Indies and those on the Indian Ocean.

plantation economy

The world’s economy based on American plantations.

Duke of Orleans

Louis XV’s regent who gave nobles more power.

Whigs

Anglican bishops who were close to the government.

Tories

Men who were suspicious of the government or did not align with it completely.

James III

James II's son who tried to reclaim the English throne.

John Law

Founder of a French central bank.

Mississippi bubble

Monopoly on trade with Louisiana that became a monopoly on French colonial trade.

South Sea bubble

Took advantage of the Spanish asiento and surpassed the power of the Bank of England.

Cardinal Fleury

Conducted French affairs after the Duke of Orleans.

George I

German who competed with James III for the throne.

Robert Walpole

Principal minister to George I who saved major companies.

Bubble Act

An act stating that only government companies could raise money by selling stock.

Maria Theresa

Next heir to the Austrian throne, recognized after the Peace Settlement of 1763.

Count Kaunitz

Austrian diplomatic leader who allied Austria with France and Russia against Prussia.

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Ended the war of Austrian succession and restored balance of power in Europe.

Diplomatic Revolution of 1756

Shift in alliances where Austria and France teamed up against Britain and Prussia.

William Pitt

British statesman known for military funding and strengthening global influence.

Dupleix

French governor/general in India who expanded French influence.

peace of Hubertusburg

Formally ended the 7 years war, affirming Prussia's possession of Silesia.

Robert Clive

British military officer whose victory in India led to British dominance.

French and Indian Wars

Conflict in North America between British and French forces.

Battle of Plassey

Victory for the British East India Company that marked the beginning of British dominance in India.

Treaty of Paris of 1763

Ended the 7 Years War, with Britain gaining more colonies.

sepoys

Indian soldiers employed by European colonial powers to maintain control.