med term chap. 8

ovaries

almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity; form and store egg cells (ova) and produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone

ovum

female egg cell

graafian follicles

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. each follicle contains an immature ovum

fallopian tubes

pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus

fimbria

finger-like projection at the free end of the fallopian tube

uterus

pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. Its functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor

endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

myometrium

muscular middle layer of the uterus

perimetrium

outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction

corpus

large central portion of the uterus

fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus

cervix

narrow lower portion of the uterus

vagina

passageway between the uterus and the outside of the body

hymen

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina

vulva

external genitals of the female, including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urinary meatus and vaginal opening

perineum

pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus

Bartholin's glands

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of and just above the vaginal opening

breasts

milk-producing glands (also called mammary glands)

mammary papilla

breast nipple

areola

pigmented area around the breast nipple

hemat/o

blood

hydr/o

water

leuk/o

white

my/o

muscle

olig/o

scanty, few

py/o

pus

a-

absence of, without

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal, labored

endo-

within

-al, -ic

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-ectomy

excision, surgical removal

-gram

record, radiographic image

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies and treats

-logy

study of

-osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-scope

instrument for visual examination

-scopic

pertaining to visual examination

-scopy

visual examination

-tomy

cut into, incision

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervi

xdysmenorrhea

painful menstrual flow

endometriosis

abnormal condition of the endometrium

endometritis

inflammation of the endometrium

hematosalpinx

blood in the fallopian tube

hydrosalpinx

water in the fallopian tube

mastitis

inflammation of the breast

menometrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation

menorrhagia

excessive bleeding at menstruation

metrorrhagia

excessive bleeding from the uterus

myometritis

inflammation of the uterine muscle

oligomenorrhea

scanty menstrual flow

oophoritis

inflammation of an ovary

perimetritis

inflammation surrounding the uterus

pyosalpinx

pus in the fallopian tube

salpingitis

inflammation of a fallopian tube

salpingocele

hernia of the fallopian tube

vaginitis

inflammation of the vagina

vaginosis

abnormal condition of the vagina

vulvovaginitis

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

Bartholin cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina, usually causes a tender swollen lump on the affected side

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervi

xendometrial cancer

malignant tumor of the endometrium

fibrocystic breast changes

thickening of tissue, benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary

pelvic imflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

condition typically characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons; caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

uterine fibroid

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

Uterovaginal prolapse

Dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles; the uterus moves downward into and is sometimes visible outside the vagina

vaginal fistula

abnormal connection between the vagina and another organ

colpocleisis

surgical closure of the vagina

colpoperineorrhaphy

suturing of the vagina and perineum

colpoplasty

surgical repair of the vagina

colporrhaphy

suturing of the vagina

episiorrhaphy

suturing of the vulva

hymenotomy

incision of the hymen

hysterectomy

excision of the uterus

hysteropexy

surgical fixation of the uterus

mammoplasty

surgical repair of the breast

mastectomy

excision of the breast

mastopexy

surgical fixation of the breast

oophorectomy

excision of the ovary

perineorrhaphy

suturing of the perineum

salpingectomy

excision of a fallopian tube

salpingo-oophorectomy

excision of the fallopian tube and ovary

salpingostomy

creation of an artificial opening in the fallopian tube

trachelectomy

excision of the cervi