ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS

This set of 50 flashcards reviews key concepts from the lecture on acids, bases, and salts, focusing on definitions, properties, reactions, and indicators.

What is an acid?

An acid is a proton (H+) donor that dissolves in water to produce H+ ions, with a pH less than 7.

What is the basicity of an acid?

The basicity of an acid is the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms present in one acid molecule.

What type of acid is HCl?

HCl is a monobasic acid, having one replaceable hydrogen atom.

What type of acid is H2SO4?

H2SO4 is a dibasic acid, having two replaceable hydrogen atoms.

What type of acid is H3PO4?

H3PO4 is a tribasic acid, having three replaceable hydrogen atoms.

What color does blue litmus turn in the presence of acids?

Blue litmus turns red when in contact with acids.

What do acids produce when they react with metals above hydrogen in reactivity series?

Acids react with such metals to produce hydrogen and salt.

What is produced when acids react with carbonates?

When acids react with carbonates, they produce carbon dioxide (CO2), salt, and water.

What happens in a neutralization reaction?

Acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides (bases) to produce salt and water.

Give an example of an acid reacting with a metal to produce salt and hydrogen.

Na + HCl → NaCl + H2.

What indicators can be used to test for acids?

Blue litmus, red litmus, thymolphthalein, methyl orange, and universal indicator.

What pH value range indicates a strong acid?

A pH value less than 3 indicates a strong acid.

What is the difference between strong acids and weak acids?

Strong acids completely ionize in water, while weak acids partially ionize.

What are some examples of strong acids?

HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 are examples of strong acids.

What is a concentrated acid?

A concentrated acid has very little water in it.

What is a dilute acid?

A dilute acid contains more water than a concentrated acid.

What is the definition of a base?

A base is a proton acceptor that neutralizes an acid to produce salt and water.

What is an alkali?

An alkali is a soluble base that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water.

What are the properties of alkalis?

Alkalis are soluble in water and react with acids to form salt and water.

What happens when alkalis react with ammonium compounds?

They liberate ammonia gas when heated.

Give an example of a reaction between an acid and a base.

Potassium hydroxide + Nitric acid → Potassium nitrate + Water.

What do blue litmus paper indicate in a basic solution?

Blue litmus remains blue in a basic solution.

What is the range of pH for strong bases?

Strong bases have a pH range of 13-14.

What pH range indicates weak bases?

Weak bases have a pH range of 8-12.

What is the net ionic equation for the neutralization of HCl and NaOH?

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l).

What is the pH scale range?

The pH scale runs from below 0 to 14.

What is the pH of water?

Water is a neutral substance with a pH of 7.

What color does universal indicator turn in strong acids?

Universal indicator turns red in strong acids.

What color does universal indicator turn in neutral solutions?

Universal indicator turns green in neutral solutions.

What are the types of oxides?

Basic oxides, acidic oxides, amphoteric oxides, and neutral oxides.

What is a basic oxide?

Basic oxides are oxides of metals that produce basic solutions.

What reaction occurs between basic oxides and acids?

Basic oxides react with acids to form salt and water.

What type of oxides produce acidic solutions?

Acidic oxides are oxides of non-metals that produce acidic solutions.

Give an example of an acidic oxide.

CO2 (carbon dioxide) is an example of an acidic oxide.

What are amphoteric oxides?

Amphoteric oxides can react with both acids and bases to produce salt and water.

What is a neutral oxide?

Neutral oxides do not react with acids or bases and produce neutral solutions.

What pH range indicates acidic solutions?

Acidic solutions have a pH range of 0-6.

What pH range indicates basic solutions?

Basic solutions have a pH range of 8-14.