ELA Rhetoric Vocab

Allusion

A figure of speech that makes a brief reference to a historical or literary figure, event, or object; a reference is one literary work to a character or theme found in another literary work.

Ambiguity

The expression of an idea in language that gives more than one meaning and leaves uncertainty as to the meaning.

Analogy

The comparison of two things that are alike in several respects, to explain or clarify some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar ones.

Antithesis

A figure of speech in which a thought is a balance with a contrasting thought in parallel arrangements of words and phrases.

Metaphor

A figure of speech wherein a comparison is made between two unlike quantities without the use of the words 'like' or 'as'.

Rhetoric

The art of speaking or writing effectively and/or persuasively; skill in the eloquent use of language.

Rhetorical Devices

Linguistic tools or patterns of expression used to achieve a particular effect or purpose in writing or speech. These devices are employed by writers and speakers to create emphasis, evoke emotions, and persuade or engage the audience.

Rhetorical Question

A question solely for effect, with no answer expected. By the implication that the answer is obvious, it is a means of achieving an emphasis stronger than a direct statement.

Alliteration

The repetition of initial consonant sounds in words or phrases can create a rhythmic and memorable effect, enhancing the persuasiveness of the message.

Figurative Language

Writing or speech not meant to be taken in a literal way. A figure of speech; it states something that is not true to create an effect.

Hyperbole

An exaggeration for effect and emphasis, overstatement; a figure of speech in which an overstatement or exaggeration occurs.

Repetition

Consists of repeating a word, phrase, or sentence, and is common in both poetry and prose. It is a rhetorical technique to add emphasis, unity, and/or power.

Parallelism

The use of repeating words and forms to create patterns and rhythm in a passage. It can juxtapose contrasting images or ideas to highlight their differences or join similar concepts to emphasize their connection.

Cliché

a saying, idea, or element of an artistic work that is overused in a culture to the point of losing its original, more significant meaning.

Rhetorical Appeals

The models of persuasion, often referred to as ethical strategies, are devices in rhetoric that classify the speaker's appeal to the audience. They are ethos, pathos, and logos.

Ethos

The credibility or ethical appeal of the speaker or writer. It involves establishing trust with the audience by demonstrating expertise, authority, or good moral character.

Pathos

the emotional appeal that aims to evoke feelings in the audience. It involves using language and examples that elicit an emotional response.

Logos

the logical appeal that relies on reason, facts, and evidence to support an argument.

Kairos

The appeal to timeliness or appropriateness; showing why something matters right now.

Tone

the attitude or approach that the author takes toward the work's central theme or subject.

Mood

A literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions.

Imagery

Visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.

Call to action

Words that urge the reader, listener, or viewer to take immediate action.

Anecdote

A short and often amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.

Anaphora

Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences, lines, or clauses.

Diction

The author's or speaker's choice of words. Focuses on what words are used and why.

Syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create sentences.

Irony

When the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning.

Juxtaposition

Placing two contrasting ideas close together to highlight differences or create impact.

Understatement

Presenting something as smaller or less significant than it really is, often for ironic or emphatic effect.

Concession/Counterargument

Acknowledging an opposing viewpoint to strengthen your own argument.