Sub-Saharan+Africa+Test+Review+Key.docx

Desertification

Growing desert and lessening fertile land.

Bantustan

African neighborhoods/regions created by the South African government during Apartheid.

Apartheid

Segregation of races in South Africa.

Genocide

Mass killing of an ethnic group.

Human Development Index

Statistical chart showing the level of development in countries.

Classification (Stage of Genocide)

Us vs. them mentality – make one group seem lower class.

Symbolization (Stage of Genocide)

Name, image, or ID card used to single out a group.

Dehumanization (Stage of Genocide)

Identifying a group as inhuman, like animals.

Organization (Stage of Genocide)

Formation of militia groups.

Polarization (Stage of Genocide)

Lies about Tutsis threatening to kill Hutus spread through hate radio and propaganda.

Identification (Stage of Genocide)

Death groups are identified, and members begin to be segregated from the population.

Extermination (Stage of Genocide)

The genocide begins, resulting in the killing of over 800,000 Tutsis.

Denial (Stage of Genocide)

Blaming the other group and covering up evidence.

How did Apartheid end in South Africa?

Through changes by de Klerk, international protests, internal unrest, universal suffrage, and Mandela's release from prison.

African National Congress (ANC)

An organization that fought against Apartheid, primarily through peaceful means.

Pan-African Congress (PAC)

A subgroup of the ANC, which was a more violent group fighting against Apartheid.

Challenges of Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa

Lack of education and colonial powers advancing only their own colonies without training Africans.

Climate Change in Africa with Distance from Equator

The climate changes from tropical to steppe to desert as one moves away from the Equator.

Formation of the Great Rift Valley

Resulted from shifting tectonic plates at a divergent boundary.

Lake Tanganyika

The second largest freshwater lake and the second deepest in the world.

Lake Malawi

A mountain-rimmed lake greater than 2,300 feet deep.

Lake Victoria

The second widest lake in the world, but shallow; it is the source of the White Nile.

Mt. Kilimanjaro's Uniqueness

A free-standing volcanic mountain, the tallest in Africa and the tallest free-standing mountain in the world.

Lake Volta

The lake that provides hydroelectricity to the people of Ghana.

Sahel

The steppe region south of the Sahara growing larger due to desertification.

Reasons Europeans Avoided Interior Africa

Physical geography made moving inland nearly impossible due to the giant plateau and increasing elevation.

Impact of European Actions on Africa in the 1800s

Disruption of African life and agriculture due to capture for slavery in the triangular trade and colonization.

Earliest Europeans in Africa

Portuguese, who came for trade in the 1200s while looking for a route to Asia.

Most Common Language Family in Central and South Africa

Bantu, with 60 to 150 million speakers today.

Shrinking Lake in Africa

Lake Chad is shrinking due to desertification.

Spark of the Rwanda Genocide

The killing of Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana on April 6, 1994.

Causes of the Darfur Genocide

Non-Arabs feeling mistreated by the government supported the Janjaweed in attacks against them.

Berlin Conference Impact on Africans

Divided Africa among European countries, leading to rivalries, cut off migration routes, and division of ethnic groups.

Population Distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa

Most people live along the coast and inland waterways.

Religion Changes in Western African Kingdoms

Ghana was traditional but tolerant, Mali embraced Islam, and Islam became the official religion of the Songhai Empire.

Trade Contributing to Kingdoms' Growth

Salt-Gold Trade.

Biggest Migration Movement in Africa

Bantu migrations, leading to the majority of central and southern African populations having Bantu ancestry.