Sub-Saharan+Africa+Test+Review+Key.docx

Sub-Saharan Africa Unit Test Review Key

1. Identify the following terms:
   1. Desertification: growing desert, lessening fertile land
   2. Bantustan: African neighborhoods/regions created by S. Africa gov’t during Apartheid
   3. Apartheid: segregation of races in South Africa
   4. Genocide: mass killing of an ethnic group

e. Human Development Index: statistical chart showing level of development in countries

1. Identify the 8 stages of genocide and give an example of each one:
   1. Classification: us vs. them mentality – make one group seem lower class
   2. Symbolization: name, image, or ID card to single out a group
   3. Dehumanization: identify a group as inhuman, like animals
   4. Organization: militia groups
   5. Polarization: lies about Tutsi threatening to kill Hutu spread; hate radio and propaganda intensifies
   6. Identification: death groups are identified, members begin to be segregated from the population
   7. Extermination: genocide begins over 800,000 Tutsi are killed
   8. Denial: blame other group, cover up evidence, burn bodies
2. How did Apartheid end in South Africa? (changes by de Klerk) international protests and internal unrest; universal suffrage and Mandela released from prison
3. Describe the ANC. African National Congress, an organization that fought against apartheid (primarily peaceful) Who was a subgroup of the ANC? (Apartheid/Apartheid HW) Pan-African Congress (PAC), a more violent group who fought against apartheid
4. Why has industrialization been difficult in sub-Saharan Africa? (Early History Notes Pt.2) Lack of education, Europe advancing only their own colonies and not training Africans
5. What is the climate like in Africa as you move away from the Equator? (give climate regions) tropical to steppe to desert
6. How was the Great Rift Valley formed? Shifting tectonic plates, divergent boundary, Mt. Kenya and Mt. Kilimanjaro to name a couple.
7. Name the 3 Great Lakes of the Great Rift Valley and list their physical features. Lake Tanganyika (2^nd lgst. freshwater & 2^nd deepest in world), Lake Malawi (mt. rimmed, >2,300 feet deep), Lake Victoria (2^nd widest in world, but shallow; source of White Nile)
8. What makes Mt. Kilimanjaro unique compared to other tall mountain peaks? Free-standing volcanic mountain (not part of a mountain range), tallest in Africa, tallest free-standing in the world
9. Which lake provides hydroelectricity to the people of Ghana? Lake Volta
10. What is the Sahel? Steppe region south of the Sahara which is growing larger because of desertification
11. Why didn’t Europeans explore the interior of Africa? (think physical geography) the physical geography made moving inland nearly impossible. Giant plateau. Elevation keeps getting higher. Coastal- most valuable
12. How did European disrupt African life and agriculture in the 1800s? Capture for slavery in triangular trade after years of colonization
13. Who were the earliest Europeans to come to Africa? Portuguese; came to Africa for several centuries to trade before settling colonies… 1200s; looking for a route to Asia
14. What is the most common language family throughout Central and South Africa? (Early History Notes Pt.1) Bantu, 60 to 150 million people speak Bantu today!
15. What lake in Africa is shrinking due to desertification? Lake Chad… smaller and smaller each year
16. What event sparked the beginning of Rwanda genocide? On April 6, 1994, the killing of the Rwandan president, Juvénal Habyariman, by shooting down his plane. Hutu genocide on Tutsis lasted from April 7, 1994, to July 19, 1994. Over 800k+ died during that time period.
17. What were the causes of the genocide in Darfur? Who supported the Janjaweed? The people of Darfur (Non-Arabs) felt mistreated by gov’t, attacked air force base at El Fasher, Janjaweed (Arab extremist group that hates Africans) gets support from gov’t to eliminate rebels, rape, murder and burn villages instead. Lasted from 2003-2005
18. Describe the Berlin Conference. How did affect Africans (negatives)? European countries legally divided up the continent of Africa; led to rivalries, cut off migration routes, divided ethnic groups.
19. How is population distributed in sub-Saharan Africa? Most people live along the coast/inland waterways
20. How did religion change over time across the kingdoms and empire of Western Africa? Ghana – traditional but tolerant, Mali – leader becomes Muslim, Islam encouraged; Songhai – Islam becomes official religion of the empire
21. What kind of trade helped these kingdoms/empire grow? Salt-Gold Trade
22. What was the biggest migration movement in Africa? How did it affect the continent? (Early History Notes Pt. 1) Bantu migrations – most people in central and southern Africa have Bantu ancestry, speak a language that’s part of the Bantu language family

**Don’t forget about knowing the countries for the map portion of the test!**

• 1. Kenya, Ghana, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, South Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Chad, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda
  2. Mt. Kilimanjaro, Sahara Desert, Sahel, Namib Desert, Zambezi River, Congo River