history test

What was Franklin Roosevelt's first political position as a progressive reformer?

New York State Senate in 1910.

What significant event impacted Franklin Roosevelt's health in 1921?

He was diagnosed with polio.

Who was Franklin Roosevelt's wife and what role did she play in his political career?

Eleanor Roosevelt, an effective public speaker who helped maintain his political career.

What was Roosevelt's first major office after his polio diagnosis?

Governor of New York.

What groundbreaking assistance did New York offer under Roosevelt's governorship?

Unemployment assistance.

What phrase did Roosevelt famously state during his Inaugural Address in January 1933?

'The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.'

During Roosevelt's First Hundred Days, how many new laws did he call Congress to pass?

15 new laws, known as The New Deal.

What was one of Roosevelt's major priorities in his first term?

Restore confidence in the banking system.

What innovative communication method did Roosevelt use to connect with the American people?

Fireside radio chats.

What were the two new government agencies Roosevelt created to stabilize the economy?

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

What was the purpose of the SEC?

To regulate the stock market.

What was the goal of the FDIC?

To insure people's money in the banks.

What was Roosevelt's economic approach that increased government spending?

Deficit spending

Who argued that Roosevelt was not progressive enough during his presidency?

Huey Long.

What was one of the proposals made by Francis Townsend?

Federal government pay citizens over the age of 60 a pension.

What did Roosevelt's Second New Deal aim to achieve?

Relief, Recovery, and Reform.

How many jobs did the Works Progress Administration (WPA) create between 1935-1941?

8.5 million new jobs.

What crucial reform did Roosevelt create to prepare for future financial issues?

Social Security.

What event marked the beginning of World War II?

Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939.

What was the result of the battle at Midway?

A turning point victory for the Americans; 3,057 Japanese killed compared to 362 Americans.

What was D-Day, and why was it significant?

On June 5, 1944, Allied forces stormed Normandy, marking a major turning point in WWII.

What did the U.S. do on August 6 and 9, 1945?

Dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

What did President Roosevelt do in response to growing tensions with Japan in 1940?

Restricted the sale of key materials to Japan.

What marked the shift from neutrality to war for the United States in WWII?

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

What was America's military response after the attack on Pearl Harbor?

Expanded the army and promoted enlistment.

What significant production shift occurred during WWII?

Mass production of military equipment by automobile factories.

What horrific policy did Germany implement starting in 1935?

The Nuremberg laws that dehumanized German Jews.

What was Kristallnacht, and when did it occur?

A night of violence against Jewish people and property; occurred on November 9, 1938.

How many Jewish individuals were estimated to have been killed in the Holocaust?

6 million Jews.

What is the role of the Federal Reserve during economic downturns?

To adjust interest rates and control the money supply.

What significant act did Congress pass to regulate banks and secure deposits?

The Banking Act of 1933, which established the FDIC.

What program was created to provide jobs and support for artists and cultural projects during the Great Depression?

Federal Project Number One.

What was the purpose of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)?

To stimulate economic recovery by regulating industry and labor.