Schools #4 Review

___% of children ages 5-17 speak a language other than English

18

Why must an SLP be culturally competent

distinguish a communication delay/disorder from a communication difference

Where does cultural competency begin

understanding one’s own experiences

What types of reactions are there to unfamiliar cultures

assumptions of superiority, assumptions of universality

____ is thinking that your culture is the “right” one and everyone else does it wrong

ethnocentrism

_____ is the assumption that one knows how another is thinking based on how they see things

projected cognitive similarity

Projected cognitive similarity is a type of what assumption of culture

universality

What is the difference between a stereotype and a prototype?

a stereotype is fixed and rigid; a prototype is mental representations based on general characteristics that are fluid and dynamic

Define bias

a preference for the familiar and comfortable

When biases are acted on, the actor is showing ____ or prejudice

discrimination

Define prejudice

a judgement that is based on emotion or other irrational factor but not on relevant facts

____ bias, or prejudice, is usually negative

irrational bias

Why must an SLP be aware of cultural differences when seeking case history information

questions on the case history may be seen as too personal, intrusive, or irrelevant to clients of specific cultures.

What are some views regarding culture

spirituality, family structure, healthcare, food preferences, work ethic, humor

Only __% of bilingual parents reported that interpreters were provided for IEP meetings.

4

Only __% of bilingual parents indicated that written communications from the school are provided in the native language

6

Only __% of bilingual parents noted that they communicate with the teachers about their child’s progress

27

What are two biases in assessment tools?

form of the language; manner in which language is used

T/F An SLP does not have to consider cultural diversity when selecting standardized assessment tools.

false

T/F Few tests include people from low-income families in the normative populations, regardless of race.

true

The interaction style demanded by many standardized tests does not match the interaction style of ____ children

preschool

T/F Informal assessment tools have proved to be unproblematic.

false

How can SLPs work around informal assessment problems?

more than one sample, in different settings, with different people

What two levels of language proficiency should be assessed with dual language learners?

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)

T/F BICS are required for academic learning.

false

T/F CALP are required for social communication.

false

Students are able to acquire BICS within __ years.

two

Students require ____ years to achieve CALP.

5-7

T/F Students who have acquired BICS may be able to function proficiently at the lower levels of Bloom’s taxonomy.

true

What can an SLP do to help assess DLLs language proficiency?

assess language learning ability

What are some ways to measure language learning ability?

fast mapping, dynamic assessment, nonword repetition, rapid automatic naming, authentic assessment

What is fast mapping?

quick incidental learning

What is dynamic assessment?

the examiner actively teaches and carefully “mediates” the child’s learning

What is nonword repetition?

a processing task that requires children to repeat nonsense words conforming to the phonotactics of their native language

What does rapid automatic naming assess

processing speech, distinguish language differences vs. a disorder

Serial naming speed is the most powerful predictor and diagnostic indicator of later ____

reading

What is authentic assessment?

when students are expected to perform, produce, or demonstrate skills that represent realistic learning demands

What are some alternatives to standardized assessment tools?

criterion referenced tools, client specific tools, dynamic assessment, portfolio assessment

What are the three communication “d’s” an SLP must distinguish

delay, difference, disorder

What is a communication delay?

when the language development in the first language simply remains stagnant

In the realm of DLL, a communication delay is

when language development of the first language neither regresses nor progresses when the second language is introduced

What are some common communication delays?

reduction of noun variety, errors in gender agreement, errors in subject/verb agreement

In the realm of DLL, a communication difference is

when the same phoneme symbols sound different or don’t exist in the first language learned, causing a difference in language

T/F Communication differences can lead to overidentification of communication disorders among dual language learners.

true

What are two procedures that the SLP may use when differentiating between communication delays, differences, and disorders?

venn diagram, inventory of specific observable behaviors

What are two explanations a team should consider for every concern raised?

factors related to cultural/linguistic background; disability related to explanation

What is the contribution approach?

ethnic heroes and cultural artifacts are added to curriculum content

What is the additive approach?

add content, concepts, themes, and perspectives that focus on diversity

What is the transformation approach?

curriculum is changed; all events, concepts and themes are considered from multiple perspectives based on diversity

What is the social action approach?

transformation approach plus a problem-solving process is used to help students make decisions and take actions related to the concepts or problem being studied

What is the purpose of counseling

engage the individual in an interactive process to facilitate the achievement of realistic goals and enhance the quality of life

SLPs should include time in their workload schedules to provide effective ____ counseling such as explanations of procedures and diagnosis’s.

information

What is included in information counseling

explanations of evaluation procedures and the diagnosis; the impact the communication condition may have on all aspects of life (social, educational, functional, vocational); strategies recommended for coping, problem-solving, and compensating

T/F Trust and care are two integral qualities an SLP needs to have in relationship with students, parents, teachers, and administrators.

true

T/F Without trusting and caring relationships, effective counseling and conferencing will not happen.

true

What qualities should an activity meant to build trust include

inclusivity, support for the child’s learning, an appreciation of differences, and provide the child’s with the opportunity to help others

T/F Students and families should enjoy cooperative, noncompetitive activities that promote the value of learning together and helping others creating a cooperative environment.

true

T/F The first contact an SLP and parent have with each other does not have to be a positive one

false

T/F If a parent shows disinterest in what/how their child is learning, the child will still be eager and willing to participate.

false

What are some innovative, collaborative community building activities

family film night, family sing/dance night, math night, science night, family read aloud

What are some school wide innovative, collaborative community building activities

paint a mural, community garden, family heritage museum

T/F IEPs can be reported whenever they want.

false

When do IEPs have to be reported?

as often as the GE progress reports are given

What are some ways IEPs are reported?

an IEP meeting held 3-4x a year; written progress report separate from GE; written progress report included with GE; teleconferences with parents

What are the six p’s necessary for effective conferencing?

prepared, punctual, polite, professional, positive, persistent

T/F At the start of any conference, a mutually agreeable objective should be clearly stated.

true

What are the three choices an educator has when objectives don’t line up

focus on the original and plan a meeting for the other; identify the two different ones and allow the parent to choose which to address; accept the alternative

What is an introductory conference

make first contact with student/family and establish rapport

What is a reporting conference

discuss (report) what is happening in the classroom/at school with the student to their parents

What is an information gathering conference

a conference where parents provide information

What is a problem solving conference

a “I need your help” meeting that involves the parents

What are five different emotional patterns that may surface during a conference

denial, depression, anger, guilt, fear

What is an “advice shopping” parent

very in denial; shops for a doctor that will tell them what they want to hear; may not believe disability exists

How can an SLP work with a parent who is “advice shopping”

provide emotional support; stay within ASHA scope

What is a reluctant parent

experiencing depression or fear; sense of self-worth is challenged by issues of loss/disability

How can an SLP work with a reluctant parent

offer videoconferences or a home visit

What is a listening post parent

experiencing guilt; wants to find the WHY

T/F A person can be talked out of guilt

false

How can an SLP work with a listening post parent

set boundaries; gentle reminders about focusing on conference

What is an angry parent

someone is angry about the diagnosis and drops it into the SLPs lap

How can an SLP work with an angry parent

explore the anger, don’t meet alone

T/F Anger sometimes springs from deep-rooted prejudices and discrimination related to disabilities.

true

What is an unscheduled drop-in?

when a parent stops the SLP at a random place to hold a conference

How should an SLP handle an unscheduled drop-in?

do not hold a conference with them

People typically remember ___% of what they have been told in a conference

25

How can an SLP ensure all important information is remembered after a conference?

write a follow up letter

What types of questions should an SLP develop?

closed questions, open-ended questions, funneling questions, requests for clarification, comparison questions, counter questions

What are closed questions?

yes/no; basic information

What are open-ended questions?

why and how

What are funneling questions?

grow increasingly more specific

What are requests for clarification?

paraphrasing the information shared and asking if the summary is correct

What are comparison questions?

using comparison words to determine if clinical strategies are effective

What are counter questions?

responding to a question with a question

T/F Every time a school staff member views records, an access log must be kept.

true

What types of records are kept by a school district?

directory data, progress reports, physical health records, health care records, behavioral records

What two types of counseling must an SLP be trained in

informational and personal adjustment

What is informational counseling

provides the student/family with relevant information needed to understand things surrounding the disorder

What is personal adjustment counseling

focuses on the emotional impact of the information

What are the three stages of personal adjustment counseling

let the student’s story unfold; engage in active problem-solving; take new actions

What are basic counseling techniques that should be used during stage one of personal adjustment counseling?

attending, empathy, unconditional positive regard, silence, neutral questioning