The Living World

Nomenclature

________ or naming is only possible when the organism is described correctly and we know to what organism the name is attached to.

Non living objects

________ also grow if we take increase in body mass as a criterion for growth.

Photoperiod

________ affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals.

Taxonomical studies

________ of all known organisms have led to the development of common categories such as kingdom, phylum or division (for plants), class, order, family, genus and species.

scientific names

For plants, ________ are based on agreed principles and criteria, which are provided in International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

Fungi

________ multiply and spread easily due to the millions of asexual spores they produce.

Insects

________ are preserved in ________ boxes after collecting, killing and pinning.

Potato

________ and Brinjal are two different species but both belong to the genus Solanum.

Linnaeus

________ used Systema Naturae as the title of his publication.

Plants

________ respond to external factors like light, water, temperature, other organisms, pollutants, etc.

metabolic reactions

The ________ in which large molecules are broken down into smaller ones are known as Catabolism.

Animal taxonomists

________ have evolved International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)

biodiversity

This refers to ________ or the number and types of organisms present on earth.

Human

________ being is the only organism who is aware of himself, i.e., has self- consciousness.

Classification

________ is the process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some easily observable characters.

Herbaria

________ also serve as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies.

Unicellular organisms

________ grow by cell division.

Families

________ are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species.

highest category

All animals belonging to various phyla are assigned to the ________ called Kingdom Animalia in the classification system of animals.

complex eukaryotes

All organisms, from the prokaryotes to the most ________ can sense and respond to environmental cues.

Genus Panthera

________, comprising lion, tiger, leopard is put along with genus, Felis (cats) in the family Felidae.

multicellular organisms

In ________, reproduction refers to the production of progeny possessing features more or less similar to those of parents.

wild animals

These are the places where ________ are kept in protected environments under human care and which enable us to learn about their food habits and behaviour.

cell division

However, ________ occurs in certain tissues to replace lost cells.

Kingdom Plantae

The ________, is distinct, and comprises all plants from various divisions.

Systematics

________ is the study of different kinds of organisms and their diversities, including the relationships among them.

Human beings

________ belong to the species sapiens which is grouped in the genus Homo.

fungi

The ________, the filamentous algae, the protonema of mosses, all easily multiply by fragmentation.

metabolic reactions

The ________ which involve the synthesis of molecules is called Anabolism.

scientific names

The ________ ensure that each organism has only one name.

Metabolic reactions

________ can be demonstrated outside the body in cell- free systems.

Example

synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Example

Sugars broken down into molecules of water and carbon dioxide to liberate energy i.e

Principles to provide scientific names to known organisms

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Each name has two components

the Generic name and the specific epithet

Example

Mangifera indica

Examples

‘animals, ‘mammals and ‘dogs represent taxa at different levels

Example

Insects represent a group of organisms sharing common features like three pairs of jointed legs

Example

Mangifera indica, Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Panthera leo (lion)

But a cat and a dog are separated into two different families

Felidae and Canidae, respectively

Example

Order Primata comprising monkey, gorilla and gibbon is placed in class Mammalia along with order Carnivora that includes animals like tiger, cat and dog

Examples

Kew (England), Indian Botanical Garden (India), National Botanical Research Institute (India)