Thermochemistry Vocab

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24 Terms

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energy

capacity to do work or produce heat; heat (q) + work (w)

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work

transfer of energy as force is applied to displace an object (1 L*atm = 1 J)

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kinetic energy

energy an object has bc of its motion; KE = 1/2mv²

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potential energy

energy that is stored and can be released as work or heat; PE = mgh

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chemical potential energy

energy stored in bonds, can be released through a chemical reaction

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heat

total energy of a specific sample, extensive

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temperature

average KE of the particles in a sample, intensive

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calorie

energy needed to raise 1g of water by 1 C

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kilocalorie / Calorie

energy needed to raise 1kg of water by 1 C

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system

identifiable collection of objects

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surroundings

everything else that is not part of the system

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endothermic reaction

chemical reactions that absorb heat from surroundings

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exothermic reaction

chemical reactions that release heat into surroundings

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activation energy

minimum energy the reactants need to begin a chemical reaction

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catalyst

substance that lowers the activation energy, not consumed during the chemical reaction

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heat of fusion

energy needed to switch between solid and liquid

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heat of vaporization

energy needed to switch between liquid and gas

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state function

functions whose values depend only on the current state of the system and not how the system arrived at that state (exs. pressure, volume, temperature)

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internal energy

all the energy within a specific system (KE + PE)

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enthalpy

internal/ total energy in a system, total heat

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calorimetry

process of measuring heat released/ absorbed in a chemical reaction

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specific heat capacity

amount of heat needed to raise 1g of substance by 1 C

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standard enthalpy of formation

enthalpy change when 1 mole of pure substance is formed from its elements

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standard state

reference state for thermodynamic characteristics; 1 atm, 25 C