Unit 8, Part 2: Inter-War Years

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 90

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

91 Terms

1
Lost Generation
The generation that came of age during World War I, marked by a sense of disillusionment and moral loss.
New cards
2
Roaring Twenties
A decade characterized by economic prosperity, cultural change, and vibrant social life in the United States.
New cards
3
Jazz
A genre of music that originated in the African American communities in the early 20th century, known for its improvisational style.
New cards
4
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
A public service broadcaster in the UK, recognized for its journalistic and cultural impact.
New cards
5
German Expressionists
Artists who sought to express emotional experience rather than physical reality, often in a distorted manner.
New cards
6
Dadaism
An avant-garde art movement that emerged in response to the horrors of World War I, characterized by absurdity and anti-art sentiments.
New cards
7
Hannah Hoch
A German Dada artist known for her pioneering work in photomontage.
New cards
8
Surrealism
An artistic movement that focused on releasing the creative potential of the unconscious mind.
New cards
9
Salvador Dali
A prominent surrealist artist known for his striking and bizarre images.
New cards
10
Cubism
An artistic movement that abandoned perspective and portrayed subjects from multiple angles.
New cards
11
Italian Futurism
An artistic and social movement in early 20th century Italy that emphasized modernity, speed, and technology.
New cards
12
Bauhaus School of art
An influential art and design school that aimed to unify art, craft, and technology.
New cards
13
Socialist Realism
An artistic style that aims to glorify the ideals of socialism and communism, typically depicting everyday life in a positive light.
New cards
14
Igor Stravinsky
A Russian composer known for his innovative and influential works, particularly in ballet.
New cards
15
Arnold Schoenberg
An Austrian composer associated with the development of atonal music and the twelve-tone technique.
New cards
16
Stream of consciousness
A narrative mode that attempts to capture the flow of thoughts and feelings in a character's mind.
New cards
17
James Joyce
An Irish modernist writer known for his groundbreaking work in narrative technique, especially in 'Ulysses'.
New cards
18
Carl Jung
Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology and emphasized the importance of the unconscious.
New cards
19
Heroic Age of Physics
A period marked by major advancements in theoretical and experimental physics during the early 20th century.
New cards
20
Uncertainty Principle
A fundamental theory in quantum mechanics stating that certain pairs of physical properties cannot both be known to arbitrary precision.
New cards
21
John Maynard Keynes
An English economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics.
New cards
22
Little Entente
An alliance between Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia designed to counteract Hungarian expansion.
New cards
23
Raymond Poincare
French Prime Minister known for his tough stance against Germany regarding the Treaty of Versailles.
New cards
24
French occupation of Ruhr district
An action taken by French and Belgian troops to enforce reparations from Germany, leading to passive resistance.
New cards
25
Hyperinflation
An extremely high and typically accelerating inflation, resulting in the sharp decline in the currency's value.
New cards
26
Dawes Plan
A plan devised to stabilize the German economy and restructure reparations payments.
New cards
27
Locarno Agreements
A series of treaties that aimed to secure post-World War I territorial settlements in Europe.
New cards
28
Kellogg-Briand Pact
An international agreement that sought to outlaw war as a means of resolving disputes.
New cards
29
Beer Hall Putsch
A failed coup attempt by Adolf Hitler to overthrow the Weimar government in 1923.
New cards
30
Ramsay McDonald
The first Labour Prime Minister of the UK, known for his moderate approach.
New cards
31
Great Depression
A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s.
New cards
32
Stock market crash
A sudden and severe drop in stock prices, often leading to economic crises.
New cards
33
Bank crisis
A situation where banks are unable to meet depositors' withdrawal demands, often leading to bank runs.
New cards
34
General crisis of production
A significant decrease in production output due to financial instability.
New cards
35
Protective tariffs
Taxes imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
New cards
36
Mass unemployment
A situation where a significant portion of the workforce is without jobs.
New cards
37
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
The 32nd President of the United States, responsible for the New Deal reforms.
New cards
38
New Deal
A series of programs and reforms enacted by FDR to address the Great Depression.
New cards
39
Works Progress Administration
A New Deal agency that provided jobs for unemployed Americans during the Great Depression.
New cards
40
Scandinavian Response to the Depression
A successful approach involving socialist reforms and public works to mitigate the effects of the Great Depression.
New cards
41
The Popular Front
A coalition of left-wing parties in France formed to resist fascism.
New cards
42
Leon Blum
The leader of the French socialist party and prominent figure in the Popular Front.
New cards
43
Democratic Successor States
New nations that emerged from the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, attempting democracy.
New cards
44
Conservative Authoritarianism
A form of government that seeks to maintain order and uphold traditional values.
New cards
45
Miklos Horthy
The regent of Hungary who led the government after World War I.
New cards
46
Totalitarianism
A political system where the state has total control over all aspects of public and private life.
New cards
47
Stalinism
A form of government in the Soviet Union characterized by totalitarianism and state control of the economy.
New cards
48
Fascism
An authoritarian political ideology glorifying the state and often led by a dictator.
New cards
49
Eugenics
The science of improving a human population by controlled breeding.
New cards
50
Spanish Civil War
A conflict in Spain from 1936 to 1939 between Republicans and Nationalists.
New cards
51
Francisco Franco
The leader of the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War and later dictator of Spain.
New cards
52
Joseph Stalin
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union who rose to power after Lenin.
New cards
53
New Economic Policy
A policy introduced by Lenin that allowed some private enterprise to stimulate the economy.
New cards
54
Socialism in one country
Stalin's policy of building socialism in the Soviet Union without reliance on international revolution.
New cards
55
Centralized Russian control
The administrative strategy by Stalin to exert control over various Soviet regions.
New cards
56
Five-year plans
State-led initiatives aimed at rapidly industrializing the Soviet economy.
New cards
57
Collectivization
The policy of creating collective farms that consolidated individual landholdings.
New cards
58
Kulaks
Wealthy peasants who resisted collectivization and were targeted by Stalin's regime.
New cards
59
Ukrainian famine/Holodomor
A man-made famine in Ukraine during the early 1930s, caused by Stalin's policies.
New cards
60
Gosplan
The Soviet government's central planning agency responsible for economic and production goals.
New cards
61
Transformation of Soviet society
The social and economic changes in the USSR due to industrialization and communist policies.
New cards
62
Women in the USSR
Women experienced initial equality, but many rights were reversed under Stalin's rule.
New cards
63
Great Terror
A campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s.
New cards
64
Gulags
Forced labor camps in the Soviet Union where political prisoners were imprisoned.
New cards
65
Benito Mussolini
The Italian dictator and founder of Fascism who ruled from 1922 until 1943.
New cards
66
Fascio
A symbol representing the Fascist movement, consisting of bundled rods.
New cards
67
Black Shirts
The paramilitary wing of the Italian Fascist Party, known for violence against opponents.
New cards
68
Lateran Agreement
An agreement between Italy and the Vatican that recognized the independence of Vatican City.
New cards
69
Cult of the Duce
A propaganda campaign that glorified Mussolini as the embodiment of Italy.
New cards
70
Italian invasion of Ethiopia
Italy's imperial campaign against Ethiopia in the 1930s, showcasing fascist aggression.
New cards
71
National Socialism
The political ideology of the Nazi Party, combining elements of nationalism and socialism.
New cards
72
Adolf Hitler
The leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
New cards
73
Mein Kampf
Hitler's autobiography outlining his ideology of antisemitism and nationalism.
New cards
74
Lebensraum
The concept of 'living space' for the German people, used to justify territorial expansion.
New cards
75
Chancellor Heinrich Bruning
German chancellor during the early 1930s whose policies worsened the economic crisis.
New cards
76
Weimar Republic
The democratic government established in Germany after World War I, ending in 1933.
New cards
77
Reichstag Fire
A building fire that was blamed on communists, leading to tightened security and political repression.
New cards
78
Enabling Act
A law that gave Hitler the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag.
New cards
79
Storm Troopers (SA)
The Nazi Party's paramilitary organization that played a key role in Hitler's rise to power.
New cards
80
Heinrich Himmler and the SS
The leader of the SS (Schutzstaffel), responsible for many of the atrocities of the Nazi regime.
New cards
81
Professional Civil Service Restoration Act
A law that excluded Jews from government jobs in Nazi Germany.
New cards
82
Kristallnacht
A coordinated attack on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany in 1938.
New cards
83
Night of the Long Knives
A purge of the SA leadership by Hitler, consolidating his power.
New cards
84
Aryanization
The process of transferring Jewish-owned businesses and property to non-Jewish ownership.
New cards
85
Volksgemeinschaft
The concept of a 'people's community' aimed at creating a racially pure German society.
New cards
86
Women in Nazi Germany
Women were expected to uphold traditional roles and support the Aryan family ideal.
New cards
87
Appeasement
The policy of conceding to aggressive demands in order to avoid conflict.
New cards
88
Rome-Berlin Axis
The military and political alliance between Italy and Germany prior to World War II.
New cards
89
Anschluss
The annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.
New cards
90
Invasion of the Sudetenland
The Nazi takeover of a part of Czechoslovakia, justified by claims of protecting ethnic Germans.
New cards
91
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
An agreement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to not attack each other.
New cards
robot