Studied by 0 people
sensation
input of physical stimuli
perception
interpretation of sensations
bottom-up processing
analysis of basic components
used when encountering new things
top-down processing
constructs a perception based on previous experience
schemas
mental frameworks we put our experiences into
perceptual set
a mental predisposition to perceive a stimuli based on previous experiences
context effects
the context of something will influence the interpretation of it
selective attention
perceptions about objects change from moment to moment
cocktail party effect
the ability to focus on one stimuli and drown out others
intentional blindness
failure to notice something because attention is elsewhere
change blindness
when focused on one thing, a change in another will go unnoticed
proximity principal
the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as belonging together
similarity principal
the tendency to group objects that are similar in appearance as part of the same group
closure principal
the tendency to perceive incomplete shapes as complete ones by mentally filling in gaps
retinal disparity
left and right eyes see slightly different images- the combination allows us to perceive depth
convergence
eyes move closer together to look at something close, further apart to look at something far
2 binocular clues
retinal disparity and convergence
relative size
the bigger something is, the closer we perceive it as
interposition
something that is in front of another thing is closer
relative clarity
as things get further away, they get less detailed
linear perspective
things get smaller/closer as they approach a vanishing point
motion perception
as something gets bigger it is getting closer
as something gets smaller it is getting further
phi phenomenon
lights in sequence are perceived as motion
perceptual constancies
objects dont change when their position does
prototype
the perfect embodiment of a schema
assimilation
incorporating new things into a schema
accomidation
changing/making a schema to accommodate new information
algorithms
methodical and logical rules that guarantee a solution to a problem
heuristics
mental shortcuts based on experiences to solve problems
representative heuristics
judging the likelihood of something occurring based on how it fits your prototype
availability heuristics
judging the likelihood of something based on how easy it is to conjure in the mind
conformation bias
the tendency to search for information that confirms ones pre-existing belief
overconfidence bias
tendency to overestimate the accuracy of ones own beliefs/judgements
gamblers fallacy
error in judgement where people put order in places there are none
sunk cost fallacy
the tendency to remain with something failing as time/effort has already been put into ut
framing decisions
judgement is affected by the way information is phrased
priming
putting an idea in someones head by introducing thoughts that would lead to the idea
convergent thinking
a single right answer
parietal lobe
divergent thinking
many solutions
frontal lobes
insight
a sudden realization of the solution to a problem
mental set
the tendency to solve a problem the way similar ones have been solved before
functional fixedness
only thinking of things in their traditional/usual use
memory recall
remembering something with no hints
ex: free response questions
memory recognition
being able to pick something out of a set
ex: multiple choice questions
3 steps of memory
encode, storage, retrieval
effortful processing
mental processing that requires paying attention
hippocampus & frontal lobe
automatic processing
information one didn’t purposefully retain yet still does
cerebellum
explicit/declarative memories
formed by effortful processing
long term memory
implicit/non declarative memories
formed by automatic processing
types of explicit/declarative memories
episodic, autobiographical, sematic
episodic memories
stories from ones life they remember
autobiographical memories
memories of facts/details of past events
semantic memories
impersonal memories from common knowledge
types of implicit/non-declarative memories
procedural memories
procedural memories
skills so well learned they’re automatic and hard to explain because they come naturally
prospective memories
memories for future events (ie: dates)
higher order thinking
not implicit nor explicit
Note 
Flashcard (41)