Devanagari script

from the book "elementary Hindi" by Richard Delacy and Sudha Joshi

क / क़

ka / qa - consonant, pronounced like “k“ in the word speaker

न

na - consonant, pronounced as “n” in the word none

प

pa - consonant, pronounced as “p“ in the word spun

म

ma - consonant, pronounced as “m“ in the word money

य

ya - consonant, pronounced as “y” in the word young

ल

la - consonant, pronounced “l” in the word lug

व

va / wa - consonant, is pronounced “v” in the word vowel when used at beginning of word and “w“ in wow in the middle and end of the word

ह

ha - consonant, is pronounced “h“ in the word hunt

ज / ज़

ja / za is pronounced “j” in the word judge, when written with dot it is pronounced as “z” and occurs only in English, Persian, and Arabic origin some hindi speakers do not differentiate between the two and pronounce only the “j” sound

त

ta - consonant, is pronounced “t“ in the word ton. the tongue should touch the back of the upper teeth

द

da - consonant, is pronounced “d“ in the word does. the tongue should touch the back of the upper teeth

ब

ba - consonant, is pronounced “b“ in the word bun.

र

ra - consonant, is pronounced “r“ in the word run. when making this sound, ideally the tips of the tongue taps several times in quick succession against the ridge of the upper teeth.

स

sa - consonant, is pronounced “s“ in the word sun.

ख / ख़

kha / kha - consonant, is pronounced “kh“ in the word blockhead. when pronouncing this consonant a breath of air should be released with the sound.

घ

gha - consonant, is pronounced “gh“ in the word loghouse.

च

ca - consonant, is pronounced “ch“ in the word church.

ड़

ṛa - consonant, is pronounced “r“ in the word party. the tongue touches the roof of the mouth before quickly flapping down during the production of this consonant

ध

dha - consonant, is pronounced “dh“ in the word roadhouse. the tongue touches the back of the top teeth during the production of this consonant

ग / ग़

ga / ga - consonant, is pronounced “g“ in the word gun.

ड

ḍa - consonant, is pronounced “d“ in the word hard.

ढ़

ṛha - is the aspirated partner of ṛa. the tongue touches the roof of the mouth before quickly flapping down during the production of this consonant

फ / फ़

pha / fa - consonant

छ

cha - consonant

ठ

ṭha - consonant

थ

tha - consonant

भ

bha - consonant

श

śa - consonant

ङ

ṅa - consonant

झ

jha - consonant

ञ

ña - consonant

ट

ṭa - consonant

ढ

ḍha - consonant

ण

ṇa - consonant

ब

ṣa - consonant, is pronounced “sh“ in the word flush.