Muscles

Frontalis (anterior part of epicranius)

elevates eyebrows (anterior part of epicranius)

Occipitalis (posterior part of epicranius)

draws scalp posteriorly (posterior part of epicranius)

Obicularis oculi

closes eye (blinking/squinting)

Obicularis Oris

closes or purses lips (kissing/whistling muscle)

Zygomaticus Major/Minor

elevates corners of mouth (smiling muscle)

Risorius

draws corners of mouth laterally

Buccinator

compresses cheek (whisling), holds food between teeth during chewing

Medial Pterygoid

elevates mandible (aids in grinding action of teeth)

Lateral Pterygoid

protract (anterior movement of mandible, aids in grinding action of teeth)

Temporalis, Masseter

elevates mandible

Masseter

elevates mandible

Origin: zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone

Insertion: angle of ramus of mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

bilateral contraction causes cervical flexion, unilateral contraction causes cervical roation to opposite side

Origin: manubrium

Insertion: mastoid process

Platysma

depresses mandible

Scalenes

(anterior, middle, posterior) flexes and slightly rotates neck

Trapezius

superior portion elevates scapula, middle portion adducts scapula, inferior portion depresses scapula

Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior

abducts scapula

Rhomboids

adducts scapula

Levator Scapulae

elevates scapula

External Intercostals

inspiration

Internal Intercostals

expiration

Diaphragm

inspiration

Supraspinatus

abducts humerus

Infraspinatus

laterally rotates humerus

Teres Minor

laterally rotates humerus

Subscapularis

medially rotates humerus

Teres Major

extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus

Pectoralis Major

adducts and medially rotates humerus

Origin: clavicle, sternum and ribs 1-6

Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Deltoid

abducts humerus

Latissimus dorsi

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Errector Spine

(iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) extends vetebral column

Triceps Brachii

forearm extension

Biceps Brachii

forearm flexion and supination

Origin: coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Pronator Teres

pronates forearm (palm down)

Supinator

supinates forearm (palm up)

Brachioradialis

forearm flexion

Brachioradialis

forearm flexion

Flexor carpi radialis

hand flexion at wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus

hand extension at wrist

Rectus Abdominus

trunk flexion

External Obliques, Internal Obliques

trunk rotation and flexion unilaterally, trunk flexion bilaterally

Transversus Abdominis

compresses abdomen

Iliopsosas (iliacus and psoas major)

flexes thigh

Gluteus Maximus

extends thigh

Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur

Gluteus Medius

abducts thigh

Tensor fascia latae

abducts thigh

Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Gracilis

adducts thigh

Sartorius

flexes thigh and leg, laterally rotates thigh

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: medial proximal tibia

Rectus Femoris

leg extension and thigh flexion (in quadriceps group)

Origin: AIIS

Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella

Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius (Quads Group-excluding rectus femoris

extends leg

Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus (hamstring group)

flexes leg, extends thigh

Tibialis Anterior

foot dorsiflexion

Gastrocnemius

foot plantar flexion

Action

movement resulting from contraction of a muscle or group of muscles

Prime Mover

muscle that causes the movement to occur

Agonist

muscle that contracts to cause an action

Antagonist

muscle that opposes the agonist, relaxes or lengthens as its agonsit contracts

Synergist

muscle that assists action of agonist

Fixator

muscle that stabalizes the origin of the agonist

Insertion

tendon attachment site to bone that does not move during its action