APUSH Period 4 I.D. terms

McCulloch v. Maryland

The court decided that the Federal Government had the right to set up a National Bank and states didn't have the power to tax the Federal Government.

Marbury v. Madison

The case establishes the Supreme Court's right to judicial review (meaning the Supreme Court could declare an act of congress unconstitutional).

Worcester v. Georgia

A court ruling that the states did not have control over Indian Territory or land.

The Haitian Revolution

A slave rebellion led by Toussaint L'ouverture where Haiti won their independence from France. This led many Southerners to fear similar rebellion in the U.S. as slaves could see it and revolt as well.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

The U.S purchased the Louisiana Territory from France and it opened up land for westward expansion. Gave the U.S. complete control over the Mississippi river and the port of New Orleans.

Embargo Act

In 1807, Jefferson closes all U.S. ports from exports and limited importation of British goods. Led to the American economy crippling, and will help start the American industrial revolution.

War of 1812 (1812-1815)

Second war for independence between U.S. and Britain caused by issues of trade restriction, expansion, etc. Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun are vocal in U.S. power.

Adam-Onis Treaty 1819

A treaty between the US and Spain and gave US the control of Florida and kept peaceful relations between the US and Spain.

The Lowell System

It shifted home-based textile production to factory style production in the US. Comprised of mostly young women.

Denmark Vesey

American slave who purchased his freedom and was inspired by the Haitan Revolution, he sought to free all slaves but the failed revolution led to Southern laws against slaves and blacks.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Expanded federal power by affirming the federal government's authority to regulate interstate commerce.

The American System (1815)

Henry Clay proposes a protective tariff, second national bank, and the federal funding of internal improvements, inspired by the victory of the War of 1812. Helped set up growth for market system.

David Walker

An anti-slavery advocate, wrote "An Appela ot the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829". Called for active resistance and rebellion which inspired an anti-slavery movement and made the South fearful.

Panic of 1819

The first major financial crisis in the US by collapsing the economy. This happened by the state banks producing too much currency due to the absence of of the National Bank.

Tallmadge Amendment

It prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri and provided freedom for those already there when they reach the age of 25. However it was rejected by the Senate.

Missouri Compromise

Authored by Henry Clay, it admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, keeping balance. It also created the 36, 30 line to the territory.

Second Great Awakening (1790-1840)

A religious revival helped many movements such as abolition, temperance (avoiding alcohol), and prison reform. It created a belief that mankind is more perfectable. Charles G Finney is important in this movement.

American Colonization Society (1817)

Group that illustrated the debate if the US could successfully integrate the slave population and they wanted to send free African Americans to Africa. In 1822 a colony was established for this purpose.

Cult of Domesticity

A belief system that a woman's job was to stay at home and take care of the husband and children while tending to domestic duties.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

1. Stated that The US will not interfere with European affairs

2. the US will not interfere with European colonies in the Western Hemisphere

Hartford Convention (1814)

Meeting of the Federalists to discuss the protection from the federal power of the Democratic Republicans. Called for an end to the 3/5's clause and put more power in congress in order to limit power of the slaveholding states.

Nullification Crisis

Standoff between Jackson's federal government and South Carolina's state government and was a result of Southern states restistance to imposed, protective tariffs on foreign goods.

War Hawks

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun tried to direct the nation into a war with Britain and claimed that Britain was arming Indian resistance in the West. Part of territiorial expansion and the growth of market economy.

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Allowed federal government to push Native Americans land west of the Mississippi. Set the stage for Trail of Tears.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

This was the most successful and impactful slave uprising in American History. He felt that he was inspired by God and led his followers into a rebellion which showed how unhappy slaves were and created more strict laws for them.

The Gag Rule

A series of rules passed that prevented the discussion of antislavery petitions. Further pushed abolitionists to find an end to slavery and divided the issue between the North and South.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first womens rights convention advocating for women's suffrage and equality. Eliziabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Ann Mott were prominent planners.

Temperance Movement

Social and political campaign aimed at reducing or prohibiting alcohol consumption. Lyman Beecher, Frances Willard and Carrie Nation were key figures in the movement.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that expansion of the US across the American continents was both justified and inevitable. Benefitted the US economically but also led to conflicts with the removal of Native Americans.

Popular Sovereignty

Principle that settlers of a given territory have the sole right to decide whether slavery will be permitted there. An attempt to take some power out of the federal government.