Structure and properties of solids

4

How many types of solids are there?

Molecular solids

What type of solid?
low melting/boiling point

soft

non-conductor

consists of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces

metallic solids

What type of solid?

Few valence electrons

low ionization energies

malleable, ductile, and shiny

moderate melting/boiling point

Good conductors

Electron cloud

Delocalized electrons are shared among multiple cations and are free to move throughout a crystal of positive ions. This is called?

Ionic solids

What type of solid?

Consist of cations and anions

held together by ionic bonds

high melting/boiling points

hard, but brittle

soluble in water

NOT conductive in the solid state

Conductive in the liquid and aqueous state

Covalent network solids

What type of solid?
Interlocking structure of covalent bonds

long chains of covalent bonds

Diamond

Allotrope of carbon: diamond or graphite?
covalent network of sp3

very hard

does not conduct electricity

Graphite

Allotrope of carbon: diamond or graphite?
covalent network of sp2

conducts electricity