diseases

sinusitis

inflammation of any of the sinuses

how is sinusitis treated?

Amoxicillin

Otitis

inflammation of the outer part of the ear canal 

What can ottis also cause? And what does it mean? 

Otitis externa and its an infection where water gets trapped in the ear after swimming. 

symptoms of otitis externa

redness, swelling, itch outer ear

otits media

infection of the middle ear canal and develops after a cold or sinus infection

symptoms of otitis media 

muffled hearing, fullness, drainage, tinnitus

pharyngitis

inflammation of the oropharynx

symptoms of pharyngitis

redness and swelling in the throat and tonsils

how is pharyngitis caused?

by viral or bacterial infection

what viral infection causes pharyngitis? 

Adenovirus and parainfleunzae 

what bacterial infection causes pharyngitis?

Group A streptococcus pyogenes 

Scarlet fever

complication of streptococcal phargynitis.

how does scarlet fever happen?

Scarlet fever happens when a person gets a strep throat infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes that produces a special toxin. This toxin, called a pyrogenic exotoxin, enters the bloodstream and causes the skin and tongue to react. “strawberry tongue”

Rheumatic fever 

untreated or treated poorly strep throat 

what does Rheumatic fever cause?

cross reactivity of anti streptococcal antibodies to host proteins from our own immune system reacting the wrong way and attacking our own tissues.

what is Diphtheria known as and why?

“bull neck” because it causes severe swelling and inflammation of the neck 

Gastritis

inflammation of the stomach lining caused by Helicobacter pylori

Enteritis

inflammation mainly of the small intestine

Enterocolitis

inflammation of the colon and small intestine

Colitis

inflammation of the large intestine (colon)

Gastroenteritis

any inflammation along the GI tract.

Osmotic diarrhea

intestinal osmolarity is higher than internal osmolarity, causing water to leave the cells.

Secretory diarrhea

The intestine actively secretes ions (Cl⁻, Na⁺)

Inflammatory diarrhea

inflammatory cytokines damage mucosal cells and prevent absorption of nutrients and water.

Motility-related diarrhea

Food moves too fast through the GI tract

Gingivitis

welling of the gums develops when plaque builds up between teeth and gums

periodontitis

left untreated gingivitis