Mod 22-25 Reading Guide Name: Chase mitchell States of Consciousness 70: 3 Directions: While reading the assigned pages of the chapter, complete the reading guide below. Feel free to add additional information to the guide as you see fit. Module 22: Understanding Consciousness and Hypnosis (pg. 217-224) * Consciousness: Our awareness of ourselves and our environment * List 5 examples of different states of mind. (hint: see chart on pg. 219) 1) Daydreaming 2) Hypnosis 3 Hallucinations 4) Dreaming 5 Drowsiness • Hypnosis: Suspect responds to hupnoists suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings thoughts, or behavior will sportaneosly occur. Module 23: Sleep Patterns and Sleep Theories (pg. 225-233) * What machine do they use to study sleep? EEG * Circadian Rhythm: The bodys natural 24-hour Cycle * What 2 things can change our circadian rhythm? - Body temperatur - mental sharpness - Energy * How long does a full sleep cycle last? 90 minutes * How many stages of sleep do you go through during that cycle? 4 • REM Sleep: Rapid Eye Movement → A skep stage where vivid dreams occur AkA Paradoxical sleep. • Awake: Alpha Waves: - The relatively slaw brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. * Sleep: Periodic, natural loss of consciousness. * Explain what happens in each stage of sleep: * Staze I (NREM-I): Fantastic images reseming hallucination * Hallucinations: Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory Stimulus. * Stage 2 (NREM-2): Periodic Sleep spindles * Sleep Spindles: Bursts of rapid, thy thmic brain - wave achivity * Stages 3 (NREM-3) and 4:3) Slow Wave Sleep-brain emils slow delta waves & hard to wake you u * Delta Waves: The large, slow brain waves associaled with deep sleep * * REM Sleep characteristics: - Rapid eye moremonts * How long does a sleep cycle last again? -Dreaming - muscle paralysis - Increased brain activity 290 minutes • What happens to NREM-3 sleep as the night goes on? Gets Shorter & eventuan disappears * How much of an average night's sleep do we spend in REM? ~ 20-25% * How much do newborns sleep per night? 14-17 hours * How much do most adults sleep per night? 7-9 hours * Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN): * List the 5 reasons that sleep may have evolved: 1. Helps restore &rebuild memories 2. Supports Growth 3. Module 24: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disorders, and Dreams (pg. 234-245) * What are some of the effects of getting too little sleep? Be sure to have at least 3. - Weaker immune sustem - Increased risk of accidents - Impaired concentration - Increased risk of obesiy • Do you think sleep deprivation has had any effect on you? Explain an example of it in your own life or the life of someone you know. When I had to slay up late and wate up carly to stady tora sert I was mone • tressed & Hud. A. Sleep Disorders * Insomnia: Inability to fall asleep and/or stay asleep. * What makes insomnia worse? - Stress, caffeine, alcholso * What are the quick fixes for insomnia? Do they work? Seeping pills & alchone. They may be a temporary solution but can make insomnia worst over time (Nambscitar) * Narcolepsy: Sleep attacks * What is the cause of narcolepsy? - Linked to Genetics * Sleep Apnea: (Wilk no breath) - Repeated awakening What are the causes/warning signs of sleep apnea? atter breathing stops. * Night Terrors: - Obesity, musce relaxation, Physial aralamy Sudden scared lookina bchaviors wl rapid breathina & heartbeal- Who do night terrors usually affect? Yound Children * During what stage of sleep do night terrors happen? During the first few hours of NREM-3 * During what stage of sleep does sleepwalking happen? During NREM -3 B. Dreams • Tell me about vour dreams! Do you remember your dreams every night? Do vou have any common dreams? If so, what are they about? Etc..... • Dream: A sequence of images, emotions & thoughts passing through a sleeping Person's mind. Notable for hallucinatory imagery. * What is the difference between daydreams and REM dreams? * What can happen to sensory stimuli that occur while you are sleeping? * Before reading this section on dreams, predict: why do you think people dream? Because the brain is Processing memorics from the day no

What is consciousness?

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

List five examples of different states of mind.

1) Daydreaming 2) Hypnosis 3) Hallucinations 4) Dreaming 5) Drowsiness

What is hypnosis?

A state where a subject responds to a hypnotist's suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

What machine is used to study sleep?

EEG (Electroencephalogram).

Define circadian rhythm.

The body's natural 24-hour cycle.

What factors can change our circadian rhythm?

Body temperature and mental sharpness.

How long does a full sleep cycle last?

90 minutes.

How many stages of sleep are there in one cycle?

4 stages.

What characterizes REM sleep?

Rapid Eye Movement, a stage where vivid dreams occur.

What are alpha waves?

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

What is sleep?

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness.

What happens in stage I (NREM-I) of sleep?

Fantastic images resembling hallucinations occur.

What are sleep spindles?

Bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity found in stage 2 (NREM-2).

What are delta waves?

Large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

What happens during REM sleep?

Dreaming, muscle paralysis, and increased brain activity occur.

What happens to NREM-3 sleep as the night goes on?

It gets shorter and eventually disappears.

How much of an average night's sleep do we spend in REM?

About 20-25%.

How much do newborns sleep per night?

14-17 hours.

How much do most adults sleep per night?

7-9 hours.

What is the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?

It regulates circadian rhythms.

List two reasons that sleep may have evolved.

1) Helps restore and rebuild memories. 2) Supports growth.

What are some effects of sleep deprivation?

Weaker immune system, increased risk of accidents, impaired concentration.

What is insomnia?

Inability to fall asleep or stay asleep.

What are some quick fixes for insomnia? Do they work?

Sleeping pills and alcohol; they may be temporary solutions but can worsen insomnia over time.

What is narcolepsy?

Sleep attacks characterized by sudden sleep onset.

What are night terrors?

Sudden scared looking behaviors with rapid breathing and heartbeat, primarily affecting young children.

During what stage of sleep do night terrors occur?

During the first few hours of NREM-3.

What is the purpose of dreaming according to Freud?

To satisfy our own wishes.