sports med unit 1: injury vocab

Acute

injuries that are those caused by a trauma - Macrotrauma
recently took place (48-72 hours)

Bursitis

the bursting/swelling/inflammation of a bursa; can be an acute trauma or chronic overuse; fluid is loose and squishy

Chronic

Refers to an overuse injury; no specific time when the injury took place - Microtrauma
occurs over weeks or even months

Contusion

a bruise (acute/chronic); occurs when the soft tissue is subject to a direct crushing blow

Crepitus

tendons will "creak"; often found in tenosynovitis (inflammation in sheath surrounding tendons)

Dislocation

When at least one bone is forced completely out of its normal position - Macrotrauma; can injure soft tissue structures (cartilage, ligaments, nerves, blood supply)

Ecchymosis

bruising/discoloration

Edema

swelling/fluid accumulation

Fracture

any cracks or breaks in the bone (acute)

Hematoma

a bad bruise; blood pools under the skin

Hemostasis

first phase of healing; stop bleeding

Inflammation

-itis

Inflammatory Phase

second phase of healing; inflammatory chemicals released to start the body's natural healing response (too much \= not good)

Maturation Phase

fourth phase of healing; remodeling of scar tissue (added in proliferation); longest stage

Proliferation Phase

third phase of healing; creation of new tissue and scar tissue (just adding)

Sprain

a stretching damage or a tear to ligaments (bone-bone); acute

Strain

a stretching damage/tear to muscle or tendons (bone-muscle)

Stress Fracture (Reaction)

Overuse microtrauma to the bone (chronic); bone is not fully fractured; usually in foot and leg

Sub Acute

between acute and chronic

Subluxation

similar to a dislocation; bone comes out of a joint and immediately goes right back in place (ex. patella and shoulder)

Tendinitis

inflammation of the tendon (overuse injury); overloading the tendon w/ too much jumping/running/throwing in short period time
- Default diagnosis in tendon pain, but not most accurate.

Tendinosis

a degradation/weakening of the tendon; must cause inflammation and strengthen to heal
- More common than "tendinitis"