ochem lab unit 7

distillation definition

separation of miscible liquids based on differences in boiling points used to purify a liquid and determine boiling point

fractional distillation

technique used to separate substances with relatively similar boiling points

fractional distillation lab

4 keck clips, fractioning column

simple distillation

technique used to separate substances with significantly different boiling points

simple distillation lab

3 keck clips

why is it important to position the thermometer properly in distillation

to obtain accurate boiling point readings

what happens to the boiling point readings if the thermometer is too high

bp reading too low

what happens to the boiling point readings if the thermometer is too low

bp reading too high

when would you separate by distillation rather than column chromatography, extraction, and decantation/filtration

when separating miscible liquids

how would distillation plot be helpful for identifying unknown liquids

it would show the bp range that we could then compare with literature

distillation unique characteristics

separation based on boiling point

column chromatography unique characteristics

separation based on polarity

both column chromatography and distillation

used for separation of liquids

miscible definition

liquid substances that are mutually soluble in all proportions

why are acetone and water miscible (intermolecular forces)

opportunity for hydrogen bonding

fractionating column purpose

provides surface area for condensation cycles to take place

given a mixture of a polar (l) and polar (l) OR nonpolar (l) and nonpolar (l), how would you separate them

distillation

when would separation not be possible

Δbp

given a mixture of a polar (l) and nonpolar (l), how would you separate them

separatory funnel

approximate boiling point of ethyl acetate

~75°C

approximate boiling point of acetic acid

~120°C

given a mixture of a nonpolar (s) and polar (l), how would you separate them

decant/filtration