exotics midterm

what digestive system structure in birds is known to lubricate food and secrete digestive hormones

proventriculus

household items that can cause toxicity in avians

teflon

hairspray

cold drafts

zinc or lead

cleaning products

human medications

tobacco

plants

what structure do birds lack, that create an increased risk of asphyxiation if improperly restrained

diaphragm

describe the normal appearance of avian RBCs

nucleated

oval

larger than mammals

other name for bumblefoot

pododermatitis

what noninfectious disease results in exteriorization of a portion of urogenital system

prolapsed cloaca

term that describes the resulting dead skin after a shed

exuvia

term when a snake turns over onto its ventrum to appear dead

death feigning

restraint tools that can be used for venomous snakes

snake hook

plexitube

describe the plastron scute shape for a female chelonian

convex

degree of burn characterized by destroyed epidermis with damage to underlying dermis

second degree

how many cardiac chambers does amphibian possess

3

2 atria 1 ventricle

what humidity percentage is ideal for proper amphibian husbandry

80%

why should tap water not be used for amphibian aquarium

chlorine

what structure of aquatic salamanders are easily damaged during handling

gill fronds

what should not be used in amphibian venipuncture

alcohol

what amphibian disease is characteristic of hyperemia, SQ edema, ecchymotic hemorrhage

red leg bacterial syndrome

what pathogens are known to cause lethargy, debilitation, and intestinal obstruction in amphibians

helminths

what structure do fish possess to alter buoyancy

swim bladder

what 3 types of filtration should a filtration system incorporate

physical

chemical

biological filtration systems

what chemical agent is used to sedate or anesthetize fish patients

MS-222

what is used to prep skin before venipuncture in fish

diluted chlorhexidine

what % body weight of blood is safe to take from a healthy fish patient

1%

what disease is caused by pathogen mycobacterium spp in fish

tuberculosis

what pathogen is responsible for causing white spot disease in fish

ichthyophthirius multifiliis

ectoparasite - protozoa

what color are the tears produced by harderian gland in rodents

red

what is a group of mice called

mischief

what causes ring tail in rats

low humidity

restraint tools used for rodents

restraint box

plastic cone

rubber tipped forceps

what venipuncture site is located behind the eye, accessible through medial canthus, and should be performed in anesthetized patients

retroorbital plexus

what is evidence that cagemates have practiced barbering

spots of alopecia

what pathogen is present in rodent urine

leptospira

what statute is responsible for detailing the sale, handling, transport, and use of animals

animal welfare act (AWA)

what resource is available that details approved procedures, personnel, and facility standards of research animals

guide for care and use of laboratory animals

what is the belief of animal liberation groups

no animal should be used for work - no animal enslavement

what is anamnesis

patient history

members of a research team

scientist

principle investigator

laboratory animal technician

laboratory animal DVM

lab animal facility admin

what type of facility has two doors

one that opens up to a clean corridor and one that opens up to a dirty corridor

double corridor facility

name the term that describes the outer limit within which an animal can move without assistance from human beings

primary enclosure

3 R’s that are formulated to help keep research moral

reduction

refinement

replacement

reduction

using less animals to achieve goals set for experiments

refinement

choose the procedure that will cause the least amount of disturbance to normal life of the animals used

replacement

replace living models with nonliving models whenever possible throughout the experiments

axenic animals

germ free

no evidence of microorganisms except those that pass to the animal through the placenta before birth

environmental parameters such as temp, humidity, and lighting

extrinsic

gnotobiology

study of known microflora and microfauna

IACUC

institutional animal care and use committee

enforce the AWA

enforce standards regarding animal housing, feeding, handling, veterinary care

all use of animals in teaching and research must be reviewed and approved by IACUC

poultice

soft, moist mass of material

common tranquilizer

benzodiazepines

holistic

whole body approach to medicine

nutraceutical

compound that alleges health benefits

name of bird voice box

syrinx

other name for breastbone in birds

keel

term for cleft in hard palate of birds, V shaped

choana

singular ear bone found in birds and reptiles

columella

term for hooklets found on barbs of feather

hamuli

what biosafety level categorizes agents that can cause serious and potentially lethal diseases

III

structure in birds that softens food and serves as passage to true stomach

crop

birds have _____ control of their pupil size

voluntary

avian capture and restraint

sealed room with no escape route or hiding spots

darken room to reduce stress

terry cloth towel

control head and pin wings to body, not putting pressure directly on their chest

avoid using gloves

flight feathers of wing

remiges

passerines

small song birds

uropygial gland

preening gland

WBCs of birds and reptiles

heterophil

do not possess peroxidase and acid phosphatase

feather tracks on skin of birds

pterylae

glandular stomach between crop and gizzard

proventriculus

featherless area of bird skin between feather tracts

apteria

structure found at base of upper beak in some birds

supplied with touch corpuscles

cere

abdominal cavity of birds and reptiles

coelom

T or F normal respiration in birds should not be noticeable

true

gizzard in birds is also called

ventriculus

what part of cloaca makes up most caudal portion

proctodeum

stores excrement until ready to be released

which of the following is not a component of normal bird droppings

semisolid white or cream urates

liquid urine

blood

feces

blood

how is bird sex determination performed

sexual dimorphism

endoscopy

DNA sexing - safer

which vein is not ideal for venipuncture in birds

medial metatarsal

ulnar - under anesthesia

left jugular

right jugular

left jugular

which of the following is not an appropriate SQ injection site in birds

inguinal

cervical region

dorsal region

axillary

cervical region

sac like lymphatic organ in birds

bursa of fabricius

breathing apparatus in birds

interclavicular air sac

gliding membrane extending between body and wing

patagium

semialtricial

eyes open - herons and hawks

closed eyes - owls

immobile

bird panting

gular fluttering

structure which covers the nares in birds

operculum

most reliable way to administer antibiotics to a bird

pectoral muscle

white part of bird droppings

urates

bird’s water bowl should be

mounted on wall of cage to keep it clean

one type of inflammatory cell that may be found in cytologic evaluation via cloacal swab or crop wash

heterophils

natural replacement of feathers, occurs in birds once or twice a year

molting

performed by removing alula bone to prevent a bird from flying too far or too high

pinioning

air is stored in respiratory system of birds in

air sacs

dove-like birds that have short beaks and two forward-facing toes and two rear-facing toes

columbiformes

common venipuncture sites in birds

right jugular

medial metatarsal vein

ulnar vein

common venipuncture sites in lizards

ventral and lateral aspects of caudal tail vein

common venipuncture sites in snakes

heart

ventral aspect of caudal tail vien

common venipuncture sites in turtles

brachial sinus

coccygeal vein

jugular vein

subcarapacial venous sinus

femoral vein

flight feathers of tail

retrices

APV

avian polyoma virus

young birds and older birds

acute death in psittacines

when bird cleans his beal

feak

weakened area on feather vane

fault bar

PDD

proventricular dilatation disease

viral

not zoonotic

pasteurella multocida

gram negative

pathogenic

found in animal mouths