Anthropology 1000 Exam 2 ECU Dr. Saidel

Bands make a living by hunting and gathering. True or False?

True

Ongka gained prestige by giving lavish and expensive gifts to his social equal Perowa. True or False?

True

In a chiefdom art is used by the chiefly stratum to visually set themselves off from the commoners. True or False?

True

Egalitarian is a term that describes a society that has a strong divide between rich and poor. True or False?

False

As mentioned in class examples of tribal societies are found along the Northwest coast of North America and in Polynesia. True or Flase?

False

Chiefdoms are more economically and politically complex than bands and tribes. True or False?

True

Strong tribal societies are still functioning in Afghanistan and Iraq. True or False?

True

An individual who hosts a Moka expects to be invited as a guest to another Moke that will take place later. True or False?

True

Ongka and Rumbaca's actions were in part driven by the fear of being shamed by their society. True or False?

True

A difference between a chiefdom and a pre-industrial state is that the former has a bureaucracy. True or False?

False

The elite in chiefdoms practice endogamy. True or False?

True

Sharing acts as a leveling mechanism in band societies. True or False?

True

The racial categories devised by the United States government can be used with accuracy in other countries. True or False?

False

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace both coined the phrase survival of the fittest. True or False?

False

Race is defined as an ethnic group that is assumed to have a biological bases. True or False?

True

Alfred Wallace argued that the Aryans were a super race. True or False?

False

The potlatch is defined as an economy that is organized around a profit-oriented principle of exchange. Goods and services are bought and sold, and values are determined by supply and demand. True or False?

False

Elman Service's classification of bands, tribes, chiefdoms and states fits all societies (s.q.). True or False?

False

In Band Societies ascribed status is important (s.q.). True or False?

False

In the film Ongka's Big Moka pigs functioned as a form of general purpose money. True or False?

True

Leaders in Band and Tribal societies have the power of coercion. True or False?

False

Jane Goodall's research demonstrated that chimpanzees engaged in cannibalism, murder and warfare. True or False?

True

Those primates that exhibit extremes in sexual dimorphism are more often associated with a dominance hierarchy. True or False?

True

Capuchin monkeys are intelligent enough to be trained to assist quadriplegics. True or False?

True

The following characteristics are commonly found among primates: extended ontogeny, stereoscopic vision, and grasping hands with opposable thumbs. True or False?

True

The Kula and potlatch are two forms of exchange that are practiced by _______________.

A. Bands

B. Tribes

C. Chiefdoms

D. States

___________ is an ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis.

A. Band

B. KE family

C. Race

D. Potlatch

E. None of the Above

____________ was the first individual to promote the concept that the Aryans were a super race.

A. Hitler

B. Joseph Arthur de Gobineau

C. Jane Goodall

D. Carolus Linnaeus

E. None of the Above

_____________ is a 19th ideology that rationalized both colonialism and extreme disparities in income.

A. Borat systems

B. Natural Selection

C. Social Darwinism

D. All of the Above

E. None of the Above

According to Arthur de Gobineau, Aryan civilizations collapsed because ____________.

A. They had weak militaries

B. They had poor technology

C. Of racial mixing

D. Of Mongol hoards

Which of the following is NOT one of the four aspects of a State? (s.q.)

A. Population control

B. Judiciary

C. Fiscal Support

D. An egalitarian society

E. None of the Above

A/An ________________ is a category or group of people considered to be significantly different from others in terms of culture.

A. Band

B. Ethnic group

C. Race

D. None of the Above

Elman Service developed a scheme that organized societies from simple to complex. Which answer accurately organizes these societies from simple to complex? ___________

A. Bands, Chiefdoms, Tribes, States

B. Bands, Tribes, States, Chiefdoms

C. Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, States

D. Tribes, Bands, Chiefdoms, States

_______________ is a term that refers to societies in which all people are equal in terms of economic and political rights.

A. Egalitarian

B. Lineage

C. Seasonality

D. None of the Above

Horticulture, also known as slash and burn agriculture, is most often conducted _______________.

A. On a coast

B. In River Valleys

C. In Rain Forests

D. None of the Above

A bureaucracy is typically present in a __________.

A. Band

B. Chiefdom

C. State

D. None of the Above

The term _______________ was used by Westerners to describe an indigenous individual who seemed to be in charge.

A. Kula

B. Potlatch

C. Polyandry

D. None of the Above

This society, known as a ______________, is divided into two groups: those related to the leader and those who are not related to him.

A. Band

B. Tribe

C. State

D. None of the Above

Segmentary Opposition is a form of kinship that is present in many ______________ in the modern Middle East and East Africa. D

A. Bands

B. Tribes

C. Chiefdoms

D. States

The practice of purdah is often found in ____________.

A. Bands

B. Tribes

C. Chiefdoms

D. States

E. None of the Above

The economy in a _____________ is based on the market principle.

A. Band

B. Tribe

C. Chiefdom

D. State

E. None of the Above

The two demographic trends present in states are __________.

A. An increase in birth rates and an increase in hunting and gathering

B. An increase in birth rates and a rise in mortality rates due to disease

C. The rise of the Sherpas as an administration class, and the demise of scribes

D. None of the Above

The following factors: deforestation, logging, and hunting for bushmeat ______________.

A. Are hindering our understanding of Australopithecines

B. Are endangering non-human primates

C. Are resulting in higher birth rates among non-human primates

D. None of the Above

______________ is a common method by which primates communicate affection and reduce tension in the group.

A. Allogrooming

B. Genotype

C. Heredity

D. Purdah

What is the term for a social status based on talents, actions, efforts, choices, and accomplishments?

A. Ascribed status

B. Achieved status

C. Situational status

D. None of the Above

A ______________ is a complex sociopolitical system that administers a territory and populace with substantial contrasts in occupation, wealth, prestige and power.

A. Tribe

B. Chiefdom

C. State

D. None of the Above

____________ is a religious tradition that was intimately tied to the organization of the state.

A. Bureaucracy

B. Ecclesiastical Religion

C. Shamanism

D. None of the Above

_____________ is the belief, without scientific basis, that some "races" are inferior to others.

A. Acclimatization

B. Feudalism

C. Natural Selection

D. None of the Above

For most of human history, people lived in societies characterized by what kind of sociopolitical organization?

A. Band

B. Tribe

C. Chiefdom

D. State

E. None of the Above

In broad strokes Allen's and Bergmann's rules sought to explain _____________.

A. The relationship between body shape and climate

B. The reasons for Lactose intolerance

C. The reasons for alcohol intolerance

D. None of the Above

Most foraging societies do not establish permanent year-round settlements (s.q.). True or False?

True

Gorillas are vicious meat-eating primates. True or False?

False

Tribes are societies that are characterized by weak political leadership and an economy based on either horticultural or pastoralism. True or False?

True

When opposing villagers attempt to burn down a Kawalka house Ongka sat in the middle of the road. This incident demonstrates the limits of his political authority. True or False?

True

Those non-human primates that typically exhibit extremes in sexual dimorphism are most often associated with a dominance hierarchy. True or False?

True