CSES 2244 Exam 1

1st MDG

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

2nd MDG

Achieve universal primary education

3rd MDG

Promote gender equality and empower women

4th MDG

Reduce child mortality

5th MDG

Improve maternal health

6th MDG

Combat HIV/AIDs, malaria, and other diseases

7th MDG

Ensure environmental sustainability

8th MDG

Global partnership for development

5 Unmet MDGs

1) No poverty, 2) Zero hunger, 3) Good health and well being, 4) Quality education, 5) Gender equality

6 New Areas of SDGs

6) Clean water and sanitation, 7) Affordable and clean energy, 8) Decent work and economic growth, 9) Industry Innovation and Infrastructure, 10) Reduced inequalities, 11) Sustainable Cities and Communities

4 Green Agenda SDGs

12) Responsible consumption and production, 13) Climate action, 14) Life below water, 15) Life on land

1 Governance/Peace SDG

16) Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

1 Conclusion SDG

17) Partnership for the Goals

5 Components of the SDGs

Universality, integration, diversity, transformative, and universal ambition vs. national ownership

1st SDG

No poverty

2nd SDG

Zero hunger

3rd SDG

Good health and well being

4th SDG

Quality education

5th SDG

Gender equality

6th SDG

Clean water and sanitation

7th SDG

Affordable and clean energy

8th SDG

Decent work and economic growth

9th SDG

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

10th SDG

Reduced inequalities

11th SDG

Sustainable Cities and Communities

12th SDG

Responsible consumption and production

13th SDG

Climate action

14th SDG

Life below water

15th SDG

Life on land

16th SDG

Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

17th SDG

Partnership for the Goals

4 Pillars/Building Blocks of Food Security

Availability, access, stability, and utilization

5 Food Security Problems

Population growth, war and conflict, weather extremes, COVID-19, and Policies

3 Additional Food Security Problems

Shifting diets, energy vs. food, and pests

7 Solutions for Global Food Insecurity

Reduce food loss and waste, shift to “healthier” diets, achieve replacement level fertility, boost crop yields, improve land and water management, alternative food sources, and controlled environment agriculture

agronomy

the applied science of crop and plant production for food, fiber, and energy; is intrinsically multi-disciplinary

Genetics + Environment + Management =

= Yield

5 Abiotic Factors that make an effect

Water, temperature, nutrients, wind, and light

evotranspiration

combined loss of water from the soil and plant that’s expressed in depth per unit time

erosion

removal of surface material from the Earth’s crust

GDDs

a measurement of heat units (crop specific)

(Tmax + Tmin)/2 - Tbase =

= GDD

4 “R’s” of Nutrient Management

Right Source at, right rate, right time, and right place

3 Macronutrients

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)

3 Secondary Nutrients

Magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and calcium (Ca)

8 Micronutrients

Boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo)

3 Non-fertilizer Elements

Hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O)

long-day plant (LDP)

require short night length for flowering

examples of long-day plants (LDPs)

pea, winter barley, winter wheat, canola, perennial ryegrass, sugar beet, alfalfa, and red clover

short-day plant (SDP)

require long period for flowering

examples of short-day plants (SDPs)

winter rice, soybean, and some cultivars of corn

day-neutral plant (DNP)

flowering not influenced by photoperiod

examples of day-neutral plants (DNPs)

cabbage and some cultivars of corn

leaf area index (LAI)

is defined as the total one side green leaf area per ground surface area

harvest index (HI)

measure of the efficiency of plants in producing seed

3 Common Ways to Manage Crop Canopies

Manipulating row spacing, plant population, and plant type

hybrid

the first-generation offspring of a ccross between individuals differing in one or more genes

open-pollination

genetically variable - mix of many different (hybrids)