citizens cannot be tried in military court if a civilian court is present
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Ex Parte Merryman
Chief Justice Taney ruled that Lincoln had exceeded his authority in suspending the writ habeas corpus in Maryland. Lincoln argued that this was allowed in a state of rebellion.
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Battle of Antietam
"The bloodiest single day of the Civil War" that led to the Emancipation Proclamation. McClellan got ahold of Confederate plans.
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the Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by Lincoln… Confederate states would be free. Effect of the battle of Antietam
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William T. Sherman
veteran general who served as a weapon for Grant to subdue the South. Did a march across states.
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the March to the Sea
Started in Tennessee and went all the way down to Colombia burning and destroying everything including the South's Capital.
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Freedmen's Bureau
1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get job along with an education.
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Homestead Act
promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering free 160 acres of public land to people who cultivated it for 5 years. Benefitted whites more than blacks.
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Copperheads
"Peace Democrats" who opposed the war and wanted to negotiate peace; main goal to end the war
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Clement Vallandingham
leader of the Copperheads
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13th Amendment
abolished slavery
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14th Amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof
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15th Amendment
black males may now vote; enraged activists in women's suffrage
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Tenure of Office Act
Law prohibiting the president (Johnson) from removing a federal official or military commander without Senate approval. This was used to protect Edwin Stanton the Radical Republican secretary
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Edwin Stanton
Person protected by the Tenure of Office Act
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Carpetbaggers
Northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders and workers during reconstruction
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Scalawags
A derogatory term for white Southerners who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War.
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Ku Klux Klan
A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.
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Enforcement Acts
Laws outlawing terrorist societies (KKK) that allowed presidential use of the military for protection again said societies.
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Sharecropping
A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops/profit. Put a lot of people in poverty.
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Crop-liens
A system that gave farmers credit that also held an obligation placed on a farmer to repay a debt with crops
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William M. Tweed
boss of the Tammany Hall political machine who set up dozens of schemes for stealing NYC taxpayers' money (200 mil)
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Rutherford B. Hayes
republican candidate in the 1876 corrupt election (19th president)
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Samuel J. Tilden
Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
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Compromise of 1877
Compromise that enables Hayes to take office in return for the end of Reconstruction
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