Unit 5 Part 2 APUSH IDS

Ex parte Milligan (1866)

citizens cannot be tried in military court if a civilian court is present

Ex Parte Merryman

Chief Justice Taney ruled that Lincoln had exceeded his authority in suspending the writ habeas corpus in Maryland. Lincoln argued that this was allowed in a state of rebellion.

Battle of Antietam

"The bloodiest single day of the Civil War" that led to the Emancipation Proclamation. McClellan got ahold of Confederate plans.

the Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by Lincoln… Confederate states would be free. Effect of the battle of Antietam

William T. Sherman

veteran general who served as a weapon for Grant to subdue the South. Did a march across states.

the March to the Sea

Started in Tennessee and went all the way down to Colombia burning and destroying everything including the South's Capital.

Freedmen's Bureau

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get job along with an education.

Homestead Act

promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering free 160 acres of public land to people who cultivated it for 5 years. Benefitted whites more than blacks.

Copperheads

"Peace Democrats" who opposed the war and wanted to negotiate peace; main goal to end the war

Clement Vallandingham

leader of the Copperheads

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof

15th Amendment

black males may now vote; enraged activists in women's suffrage

Tenure of Office Act

Law prohibiting the president (Johnson) from removing a federal official or military commander without Senate approval. This was used to protect Edwin Stanton the Radical Republican secretary

Edwin Stanton

Person protected by the Tenure of Office Act

Carpetbaggers

Northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders and workers during reconstruction

Scalawags

A derogatory term for white Southerners who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War.

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Enforcement Acts

Laws outlawing terrorist societies (KKK) that allowed presidential use of the military for protection again said societies.

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops/profit. Put a lot of people in poverty.

Crop-liens

A system that gave farmers credit that also held an obligation placed on a farmer to repay a debt with crops

William M. Tweed

boss of the Tammany Hall political machine who set up dozens of schemes for stealing NYC taxpayers' money (200 mil)

Rutherford B. Hayes

republican candidate in the 1876 corrupt election (19th president)

Samuel J. Tilden

Democratic presidential candidate in 1876

Compromise of 1877

Compromise that enables Hayes to take office in return for the end of Reconstruction