Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Maslow 1954,1970

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A theory suggesting that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological and psychological needs before advancing to higher-level needs.

Physiological needs

Basic biological requirements for human survival, such as air, food, water, shelter, clothing, and sleep.

Safety needs

The need for order, predictability, and control in one’s life, including emotional and financial security.

Love and belongingness needs

The emotional need for interpersonal relationships, connectedness, and being part of a group, such as through friendship and affection.

Esteem needs

The desire for acceptance and value from others, categorizing into self-esteem and esteem from others.

Deficiency needs

Needs that must be met to avoid unpleasant feelings; these include physiological, safety, love and belonging, and esteem.

Growth needs

Needs that arise from a desire to develop as a person, including self-actualization.

Self-actualization needs

The realization of a person’s potential, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

Transcendence needs

Needs fulfilled by helping others, practicing spirituality, and connecting with nature.

Cognitive needs

The desire to gain knowledge and understand one's place in the world.

Aesthetic needs

The appreciation of beauty and form, often fulfilled through music, art, and literature.

What were the needs in Maslow’s original hierarchy?

Physiological, Safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualisation.

What needs were added to the expanded hierarchy?

cognitive, aesthetic and transcendence needs.

What are the deficiency needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?

physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem.

What are the growth needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?

cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization, transcendence.