ap gov flash cards

Public Opinion

The distribution of the population’s beliefs about politics and policy issues.

Bandwagon Effect

When people see others supporting a certain candidate and become more likely to support that candidate too.

Gender Gap

The difference in political opinions between men and women, particularly in their support for social services and military spending.

Census

An actual enumeration of the population conducted every 10 years, required by the Constitution.

Exit Poll

Public opinion surveys used to predict electoral winners by asking voters how they voted as they exit polling places.

Political Socialization

The process through which individuals acquire political attitudes, views, and knowledge based on influences like family and media.

Political Ideology

A coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose.

Political Participation

Activities used by citizens to influence political leaders and policies, including voting, protests, and civil disobedience.

Random Sampling

The technique employed by survey researchers to ensure everyone has an equal chance of being selected for a sample.

Conventional Participation

Acceptable ways to influence the government, such as voting or petitioning.

Unconventional Participation

Unusual or dramatic actions to influence politics, such as protests or civil disobedience.

Sampling Error

The level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll; the more interviews, the more confidence in results.

Libertarian

A political philosophy advocating for minimal state intervention in personal and economic matters.

Third Party

Political parties other than the two major parties (Democrat and Republican) that can influence elections.

Interest Group

An organization of people with shared policy goals who enter the policy process to achieve those goals.

Lobbying

Communication directed to a governmental decision maker with the hope of influencing their decision.

Iron Triangles

The stable relationships between interest groups, government agencies, and congressional committees that have a significant policy influence.

Political Action Committee (PAC)

Organizations that raise and distribute funds to candidates and political parties.

Public Interest Lobby

Interest groups that work to benefit the public rather than specific members.

Litigation

The act of taking legal action, often used by interest groups to achieve their goals through the courts.