Unit 1

The process of investigation where problems are identified and tested by carrying out experiments is known as __.

Scientific Method

An unbiased and accurate report of an event is called __.

Observation

An educated guess based on observations is referred to as a __.

Hypothesis

An __ is designed to test a hypothesis.

Experiment

__ consists of measurements and observations gathered during an experiment.

Data

A repeat of an experiment is known as a __.

Replicate

A __ is a comparison used to provide a standard against which the actual experiment can be judged.

Control

A __ is a hypothesis that has been supported by different experiments.

Theory

A theory that has shown to be valid against long-term testing is called a __.

Principle/Law

Ethics refers to whether issues are or .

right; wrong

Living things that arise from other living things of the same type is known as __.

Biogenesis

The sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism is called __.

Metabolism

__ are the common features shared by living organisms.

Characteristics of life

Living things are composed of cells, tissues, organs and __.

organ systems

The process by which an organism obtains and uses food is known as __.

Nutrition

The __ is the removal of waste products of metabolism.

Excretion

The reaction of organisms to stimuli in their environment is called __.

Response

The production of new individuals is known as __.

Reproduction

Molecules found in living things are composed of atoms bonded together in different ratios to form __.

biomolecules

Carbon atoms bonded together make up most of the __ in living things.

chemical compounds

Single sugar molecules, such as Glucose, are known as __.

Monosaccharides

Two sugar molecules bonded together, such as Sucrose, Lactose and Maltose, are called __.

Disaccharides

Many sugar molecules bonded together, such as Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose, are referred to as __.

Polysaccharides

Fat-like substances where one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group are called __.

Phospholipids

Anabolic reactions convert into , using energy.

Smaller molecules; Larger molecules

Catabolic reactions __ to , releasing energy.

break down; complex molecules; simpler molecules

The study of the relationships of living organisms with one another and with the environment is known as __.

Ecology

A __ is a community of organisms and their abiotic environment.

Ecosystem

The part of the earth in which life can occur is known as the __.

Biosphere

The place in the environment where an organism lives is called its __.

Habitat

All the members of the same species living in an area are referred to as a __.

Population

Plants and animals sharing the resources of a particular habitat make up a __.

Community

The functional role of an organism in an ecosystem is known as its __.

Niche

Factors that are non-living are called __ factors.

Abiotic

Factors that are living are known as __ factors.

Biotic

Refers to weather over a long period of time is __ factors.

Climatic

Aspects of the soil that influence an ecosystem are known as __ factors.

Edaphic

Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called __.

Producers

Organisms that consume food from other organisms are known as __.

Consumers

Organisms which feed directly on producers are called __ consumers.

Primary

Carnivores that feed on primary consumers are referred to as __ consumers.

Secondary

Carnivores that feed on secondary consumers are known as __ consumers.

Tertiary

The pathway along which energy is transferred in an ecosystem is called a __.

Food chain

Multiple interlinked food chains are referred to as a __.

Food web

The feeding stage or energy level in a food chain is called a __ .

Trophic level

The pyramid representing the numbers of organisms at each trophic level in a food chain is known as a __ .

Pyramid of numbers

The exchange of elements like Carbon and Nitrogen between living and non-living components of an ecosystem is called __ .

Nutrient recycling

The process of conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia is known as __ .

Nitrogen fixation

The process where ammonia is converted to nitrites and then to nitrates by bacteria is called __.

Nitrification

Conversion of nitrates to nitrogen gas is carried out by __ in the soil.

denitrifying bacteria

Any harmful addition to the environment is referred to as __.

Pollution

Substances causing undesirable changes to the environment are called __.

Pollutants

The wise management of natural resources is known as __.

Conservation

Competition occurs when organisms actively struggle for a that is in .

resource; short supply

Intra-specific competition takes place between members of the __ species.

same

Inter-specific competition occurs between members of __ species.

different

Contest competition involves active physical contests .

Between individuals

Scramble competition involves all competing organisms getting some of the __.

resources

Ways in which organisms are specialized to survive competition are known as __.

Adaptations

An organism that lives by killing and consuming other living things is known as a __.

Predator

An organism that feeds on another living organism of a different species, generally causing harm, is known as a __.

Parasite

Ectoparasites live on the __ of the host.

body

Endoparasites live on the __ of the host.

inside

A close association between two organisms of different species that benefits both is called __.

Symbiosis

Organisms that live on dead organisms are known as __.

Saprophytes

A __ study aims to find out the number of organisms that exist in an ecosystem.

Quantitative

A __ study aims to find out the types of organisms that exist in an ecosystem.

Qualitative