Unit 4-Mechanics and materials

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A _______ has both magnitude and direction.

vector

A quantity that has only magnitude and no direction is called a _______.

scalar

In physics, displacement is a _______ because it describes the change in position.

vector

Temperature is an example of a _______ as it only has a magnitude.

scalar

The sum of two _______ results in a new vector that accounts for both magnitude and direction.

vectors

A moment is the measure of the _______ that causes an object to rotate around a pivot.

force

The unit of measure for moments is typically expressed in _______.

Newton-meters

The formula to calculate a moment is _______ multiplied by the distance from the pivot point.

force

When calculating moments, the direction of the force and distance determines if the moment is _______ or _______.

clockwise; counterclockwise

In equilibrium, the total clockwise moments must equal the total _______ moments.

counterclockwise

An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by a _______ force.

net

The rate of change of velocity is called _______.

acceleration

The distance traveled per unit of time is known as _______.

speed

The standard unit for measuring distance in the SI system is _______.

meters

The formula for calculating average speed is _______ divided by time.

distance

The path followed by a projectile is called its _______.

trajectory

The horizontal component of a projectile's motion is _______ and does not change.

constant

The time of flight of a projectile depends only on its _______ and the height from which it is launched.

initial velocity

The vertical motion of a projectile is affected by _______ due to gravity.

acceleration

The maximum height reached by a projectile is determined by its _______ and the angle of launch.

initial speed

Newton's first law states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue in motion unless acted upon by a _______ force.

net

According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the _______ applied to it.

force

Newton's second law can be expressed by the formula _______ = mass x acceleration.

force

Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite _______.

reaction

The mass of an object is a measure of its _______ to changes in motion.

inertia

Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and _______.

velocity

The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains _______ if no external forces act on it.

constant

In an elastic collision, both momentum and _______ are conserved.

kinetic energy

The unit of momentum in the SI system is _______.

kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s)

A change in momentum occurs when a _______ is applied to an object over a period of time.

force

The work done on an object is equal to the _______ applied times the distance moved in the direction of the force.

force

Work is measured in _______ in the SI system.

joules

The energy possessed by an object due to its position or condition is known as _______ energy.

potential

The energy associated with the motion of an object is called _______ energy.

kinetic

Power is the rate at which _______ is done.

work

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only _______ from one form to another.

transformed

The total mechanical energy of an isolated system remains _______ if no external forces act on it.

constant

In a closed system, the sum of _______ energy and kinetic energy is always constant.

potential

According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy lost by one object is equal to the energy _______ by another.

gained

When an object falls, its potential energy is converted into _______ energy.

kinetic

The mass per unit volume of a substance is known as its _______.

density

The ability of a material to undergo deformation under stress is called _______.

ductility

The property of a solid that allows it to return to its original shape after being deformed is known as _______.

elasticity

The resistance of a material to permanent deformation when stressed is called _______.

hardness

The measure of how easily a material can be scratched or dented is referred to as its _______.

abrasion resistance

The Young's modulus is a measure of a material's ability to resist _______ when a stress is applied.

deformation

The formula for Young's modulus is _______ divided by strain.

stress

A material with a high Young's modulus is considered _______ and returns to its original shape after removing the load.

stiff

The unit of Young's modulus in the SI system is _______.

Pascals (Pa)

Young's modulus is used to describe the relationship between _______ and strain in linear elastic materials.

stress