Chapter 3 - Scales, Keys, and Modes

Tonality

________- The principle of organizing a composition around that keynote or tonic.

Enharmonic equivalent flats

________ are used for the descending scale.

Sharps

________ are used for the ascending scale.

circle

The ________ of fifths- Demonstrates the relationship of the tonal centers to each other.

Heptatonic

________ scales- There are seven tones in the scale.

Dorian

Phrygian, Aeolian, and ________ are minor modes.

tonic triad

It has a diminished ________, so its not a major or minor.

key signature

Relative- Major and minor scales that have the same pitches and ________.

Tonic

________- The beginning pitch of the scale.

Lydian

________ is similar to Ionian with a raised 4th scale degree.

Mixolydian

________ is similar to Ionian with a lowered 7th scale degree.

Phrygian

________ is similar to Aeolian with a lowered 2nd scale degree.

Ionian

Lydian, Mixolydian, and ________ are major modes.

Ionian mode

________- Same pattern as the major scale.

Artificial scales

________- When forms of the minor vary from the key signature and require the use of additional accidentals to create the scale.

Harmonic form

________ of minor- The 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending.

Chromatic scale

________- Symmetrical scale with all pitches spaced a half step apart.

Scalar variance

________- The use of natural, harmonic, and melodic minor within one composition.

Chromatic scale

Symmetrical scale with all pitches spaced a half step apart

Major scale

Created using a pattern for whole and half steps

Church mode

A scale containing five whole steps and two half steps

Ionian mode

First rotation, it is a major scale pattern

Aeolian mode

Sixth rotation, its a minor scale pattern

Key

A specific series of pitches based on a pattern of whole and half steps that define a tonality

Key of G

The series of notes using the major scale pattern centered around, or starting with G

Tonality

The principle of organizing a composition around that keynote or tonic

Mode

An issue of scale type

Key signature

A form of shorthand that dispenses with the writing of accidentals (sharps and flats) for the notes affected by the pattern

For sharps

The last sharp in the key signature is scale degree 7, so the name of the key is up one-half step

For flats

The last flat in the key signature is scale degree 4, so the name of the key is the next to the last flat in the key signature

The circle of fifths

Demonstrates the relationship of the tonal centers to each other

Natural minor scale

The sixth scale in the rotation of church modes

Relative

Major and minor scales that have the same pitches and key signature

Three forms of minor

Natural, harmonic, and melodic

Minor pentachord

Same first five notes that the three forms of minor start with

Parallel

Major and minor keys with different key signature but same tonic

Natural form of minor

No alterations to the key signature

Harmonic form of minor

The 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending

Melodic form of minor

The 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised

Scalar variance

The use of natural, harmonic, and melodic minor within one composition

Artificial scales

When forms of the minor vary from the key signature and require the use of additional accidentals to create the scale

Scale degree

Each step of the scale

Tonic

The beginning pitch of the scale

Scale degree 1

The tone on which the scale is built, the tonal center

Scale degree 2

Above the tonic

Scale degree 3

Halfway between the tonic and dominant

Scale degree 4

A fifth below the tonic

Scale degree 5

Perfect fifth above the tonic

Scale degree 6

In between the subdominant and the tonic

Scale degree 7

Half step below Do

Active tones

Scale degrees 4, 6, and 7

Heptatonic scales

There are seven tones in the scale

Hexatonic scale

There are six tones in this scale

Whole-tone scale

Each pitch is a whole step apart

Pentatonic scale

Has five tones

Major pentatonic

To build it, in the Circle of Fifths, start from C up to 5 consecutive pitches

Relative minor pentatonic

It uses the same pitch as the C pentatonic but it starts on A

Ionian mode

Same pattern as the major scale

Aeolian mode

Same pattern as the natural minor scale