Kohlberg - Theory of Moral Development

Stages of moral development, theory by Lawrence Kohlberg

Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment

1. Individual seeks to avoid punishment from authority figures. 

2. If an action leads to punishment, it must be bad.

Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange

1. Individual learns that it is in their interest to behave well because they will be rewarded. 

2. If an action leads to reward, it must be good. 

Stage 3: Interpersonal Conformity

Individual seeks to do what the societal group says is right and they want to be considered “good.”

Stage 4: Law and Order

Individual believes they must live by the rules of society and maintain law and order.

Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights

Individual becomes aware that while rules/laws might exist for the good of the greatest number, there are times when they will work against the interest of particular individuals.

Stage 6: Universal Principles

Individual takes into account everyone affected by the moral decision. Moral decisions should be based on equality and human rights.