psych 2306 midterm #1

sexual intelliigence

understanding oneself sexually and having interpersonal sexual skills and integrity

psychosocial approach

psychological factors and social conditioning have a crucial impact on sexual attitudes, values, and beliefs

biophysical approach

describes the role of hormones, the nervous system, biological components, theories of genetics, evolution, and genetic variables on individual sexual evolution

sexual behavior

All societies haves rules regulating the conduct of ________ _________.

United States

In the ________ ________ education levels and socioeconomic status are crucial in influencing sexual attitudes and behaviors.

acculturation

replacing traditional beliefs and behavior patterns with those of dominant culture

Islamic Middle East

• Islam is the world fastest growing religion

• their prophets opposed intercourse before marriage

• polygamy is a common place

• women are considered inherently sexual

China

• earliest sex manuals were produced

• rates of infections, pre-marital sex, and extramarital sex are all increasing presently because of sexual conservatism

procreation

Historically the only prevalent reason for sexual activity is ______________.

synonymous

Many in our society believe sex and intercourse to be ____________.

gender inequality

__________ ___________ is a key factor negatively affecting sexual health.

western ideals on sex

• promote the belief that only moral sexual expression occurs within heterosexual marriage

• sex only occurs for the purpose of procreation

• peno-vaginal penetration = real sex

negatively, positively

Women who have a lot of sex are viewed __________ while men who have a lot of sex are viewed ____________.

St. Augustine

lust was the original sin of Adam and Eve

St. Paul

associated spiritually with sexual abstinence and viewed celibacy as superior to marriage

Purtians

underlined the importance of sex for closeness within marriage

Victorian Era

• a step backwards for sexual intelligence

• women were seen as delicate and non-sexual

• men were free to find companionship with other women

Dr. Celia Mosher

• interviewed women and found that they do enjoy sexual pleasure

• changed the way people view women's sexual experiences

slavery

• were viewed as animals and oversexed heathens

• "control breeding" for slave trade

• did not own the rights to their body

20th century - present

• Freud viewed sexuality as innate in both men and women

• Kinsey Studies

• books published educating people about sex response and awareness

• increased violence against LGBTQ+

media

• significant affect on sexual attitudes and behaviors

• education increase on child abuse

• cyber sex and teledildonics

• LGBTQ+ community chat rooms

sex , gender expression, gender identity

Three parts of gender are ____ , ______ _____ , and _______ _______.

biological, physical, anatomical

Three parts of sex are _________ , _________ , and __________.

gender expression

how a person publicly expresses or presents their gender

gender identity

one's felt sense of self as being girl, boy, both, or neither

external, internal

Gender expression is ___________ while gender identity is __________.

gender non-conformity

gender expression differs from cultural expectations

stage 1: chromosomes

biological sex is determined at conception by the chromosomal makeup of the sperm that fertilizes the egg

stage 2: gonads

structures that will become reproductive organs which will produce reproductive cells

Wolffian Duct

What is A?

gonads

What is B?

Mullerian Duct

What is C?

Bladder

What is D?

androgen, estrogen, progesterone

The hormones ____________, ______________, and ____________ are produced by testes and ovaries

stage 3: internal genitalia

• internal reproductive plumbing

• raw materials: wolffian ducts and mullerian ducts

seminal vesicle

what is A?

Wolffian duct

What is B?

vas deferens

What is C?

epididymis

What is D?

testis

What is E?

Müllerian duct receding

What is F?

uterus

What is A?

Wolffian duct receding

What is B?

ovary

What is C?

oviduct

What is D?

Mullerian Duct

What is E?

vagina

What is F?

intersex

people who possess biological characteristics of both male and female sexes

androgen insensitivity syndrome

• a condition caused by a congenital lack of functioning androgen receptors (in a person with XY sex chromosomes)

• causes the development of a female vulva with testes but no internal sex organs

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

a genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in an overproduction of androgen

DHT deficiency

a chromosomally normal (XY) male who develops external genitalia resembling those of a female as a result of a genetic defect that prevents the prenatal conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Klinefelter syndrome

• someone has an XXY instead of an XX or XY

• penis, scrotum, and testes at birth

• underdeveloped penis and testes at puberty

• sterile

Turner Syndrome

• someone who only has one chromosome X

• normal looking vulva

• internal reproductive parts are not fully developed

• breast do not develop and periods do not occur

3

At age ___________ most children develop a firm gender identity.

vulva

contains all external “female” genital structures

"female" external genitalia

vulva, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris

labia minora

• inner lips and are located within the outer lips and usually protrude between them

• clitoral hood

• contain extensive nerve endings, blood vessels, and sweat and oil glands

prepuce

clitoral hood

labia minora

What is A?

labia majora

• outer lips extended downward from each side of the vulva

• surrounds the labia minora and the urethral and vagina openings

labia majora

What is B?

mons veneris or pubis

• area covering pubic bone

• consists of pads of fatty tissue that can be pleasurable for women

• during puberty it becomes covered in hair

mons pubis

What is C?

clitoris

• compromises the external glands and shaft

• extremely sensitive because of nerve endings

clitoris

What is D?

urethral opening

What is E?

Vagina

What is F?

introitus

opening of the vagina

hymen

fold of tissue partially covering the introitus

hymenoplasty

creation of the hymen

perineum

area below vagina but above anus

labiaplasty

make labia smaller and more symmetrical

vulva

Women's feelings about their _________ can impact their sexuality.

clitoris

Studies show that 85% of women who do orgasm during intercourse also have simultaneous stimulation from the ____________.

clitridectomy

removal of the clit

vestibule

area of the vulva inside the labia minora

urethra

short tube connecting the bladder to the urinary opening located between the clitoris and vaginal opening

cavernous bodies

structures in the shaft of the clitoris that engorge with blood during the sexual arousal

vestibular bulbs

two bulbs (one on each side of the vaginal opening) that engorge with blood during arousal

bartholin's gland

two small glands slightly inside the vaginal opening that secrete a few drops of fluid during sexual arousal

"female" internal genitalia

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina

Supportive muscle of ovary

What is A?

ovaries

• gonads that produce ova and sex hormones

• size and shape of almond

• about 1million immature ova at birth

Ovary

What is B?

uterus

pear shaped organ inside the female pelvis within which the fetus develops

Uterus

What is C?

perimetrium

external layer of the uterus and is the thin membrane covering the outside of the uterus

myometrium

the middle layer of the uterus and is the smooth muscle layer of the uterine wall

endometrium

the inner lining of the uterus and tissue that lines the insides of the uterine walls

cervix

• small end of the uterus located at the back of the vagina

• contains mucus-secreting glands

Vagina Fornix

What is E?

vagina

• canal extending into the body angling upwards towards the cervix and the uterus

• has three layers: mucosa, the muscle layer, and fibrous tissues

mucosa

moist tissue that lines certain areas of the body (mouth, penile urethra, and vagina)

muscle layer

underneath the mucosa and is the thickest and strongest layer around the vaginal opening

fibrous tissue

provides structural support of the vagina region

What is the function of lubricant in the vagina?

helps to alkalinize the acidic chemical balance because if the vagina is too acidic sperm will die

what are the functions of lubricant in the vagina?

the help alkalinize the acidic chemical balance because if the vagina is too acidic sperm will die

Vagina

What is F?

grafenberg (g) sport

in the front wall of the vagina in which stimulation of this spot can lead to orgasm, arousal, and ejaculation

douching

a method of rinsing the vagina with water that has been found to not be hygenic