Manifest destiny
A god given obligation to settle the land to the west
Wilmot Proviso
Wanted new territories gained in the Mexican American war to be free soil
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The treaty that ended the Mexican American war and gave the US California and most of the southwest
Compromise of 1850
Entered California as a free state abolished the slave trade in DC made a stronger fugitive slave law
Fugitive slave act
Required that all slaves must be returned to their owners even if they were in a free state
Uncle Toms Cabin
An influential book that spread awareness about the harshness of slavery
Know nothing
Was a political party who were nativists
Kansas-Nebraska act
Created 2 new territories who had popular sovereignty and repealed the Missouri compromise
Dread Scott vs Sandford
A slave went to court to gain his freedom because his master made him live in a free state who h he thought would make him a free man. The court sided against him and said that because he was black he wasn’t a citizen of the United States. Also the court said that the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional because it limited the right to property
Free soil
A party that wanted all the new territories to be free from slavery
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln was elected president even though he wasn’t even on the southern ballet
Emancipation proclamation
The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
54th Massachusetts
The first military unit of African American soldiers to be raised in the north
March to the sea
General Sherman and his troupes marched around Georgia in a check mark shape and burnt everything in sight while freeing the slaves they came across
13th amendment
Made slavery illegal in the United States
Freedmens buero
Provided aid to newly emancipated slaves
Sharecropping
A way to keep former slaves in a loop of debt that would be passed down to their children
14th amendment
Made African Americans citizens of the US and granted them equality under the law
15th amendment
Gave African-American men the right to vote
Panic of 1873
Started the first Great Depression in the US
Started with a problem in Europe, when the stock market crashed. Investors began to sell off the investments they had in American products, particularly railroads
Ku Klux Klan
A party that harassed and murdered African Americans
Homestead act
Provided that any adult citizen that has never borne arms against the US with 160 acres of surveyed government land
Morrill Act
Set aside federal lands to build colleges
Exodusters
What people called African Americans that escaped the violence of reconstruction in the South
Assimilation
When the U.S. government wanted the Native Americans to assimilate into the White American culture
Did this through the Dawes Severalty act
Dawes Severalty act
Where Native Americans’ reservation was divided into a grid system and forced them to live far apart from each other
Making their values go from community to competition
Ghost dance movement
A dance that Native Americans did in hope to drive the white settlers away
Popular sovereignty
The residents decide if the state is slave or free
Forty niners
Came from the eastern US and around of the world for the California gold rush
Gadsden purchase(1853)
Acquired southern AZ/NM
Ostend Manifesto(1854)
Failed attempt to acquire cuba
Republican Party
Opposed expansion of slavery into territories(free soil)
Popularity limited to the north
Lecompton constitution
Proposed pro slavery constitution Congress refused to ratify
Crittenden plan
Wanted to extend the 36 30 line to the Pacific Ocean
Was not passed
Union strategies
-Keep border states loyal
-Naval blockade(anaconda plan)
- gain control of the Mississippi river
-short war minimal casualties
Confederate strategy
-prepare and wait(defense war)
-war of attrition
-wear down the Union with continuous victories
-influenced other nation with cotton
Habeas corpus
If you are arrested because you have to be told your sentencing, what your charges are
New York Draft Riots(1863)
Mostly Irish mob, violently targeting free Blacks
True womanhood
Role is in the home
Greenbacks
Paper money
Richmond bread riots
People broke into shops and stole food, jewelry, clothing, and shoes before the military arrived to restore order
Contraband
Property gained in war
Abraham Lincoln said that the Union could take slaves as contraband
Special field order No. 15
40 acres and a mule
Conciliatory terms(10 percent plan)
Ten percent of the male population took loyalty oaths to the Union then they would readmit the state
Black codes
Like slave codes
Civil rights act of 1866
Declared that all persons born in the US to be citizens “without distinction of race or color, previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude
Reconstruction act of 1867
Divided south into 5 military districts
Freemen’s right to vote
Set standards for readmission
Tenure of office act(1867)
Johnson violated this by firing secretary of war
Nation Women Suffrage Association
called for immediate suffrage
American Women Suffrage Association
remained loyal to the Republican Party
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Required “full and equal” access to public accommodations
would be challenged in supreme court
Gold standard
Any money issued must be backed up by actual gold that is held in storage
Sand Creek Massacre
In 1864, the U. S. Army carried out a surprise attack on a non-combatant encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians along the Big Sandy Creek in southeastern Colorado, killing about 160 men, women, and children, including elderly or infirm
Wounded Knee Massacre
On a cold day in December 1890, U.S. soldiers surrounded and slaughtered about 300 Lakota men, women, and children at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota.
American Exceptionalism
The idea that the American people and American culture is superior from others, and therefore America had a unique or special role in the world, such as a "city upon a hill."