Crop Production and Management Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards based on the Crop Production and Management lecture notes.

Agriculture

The science that deals with the cultivation of plants and raising livestock for human use.

Agronomy

Study and development of techniques for improving agricultural practices.

Horticulture

Cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.

Animal Husbandry

Rearing and management of domesticated animals.

Crop Plants

The same kind of plants grown, cultivated, and harvested in the field on a large scale for profit or livelihood.

Cereals

Crop plants like wheat, paddy (rice), maize, barley, ragi.

Pulses

Crop plants like gram, pea, bean.

Oil Seeds

Crop plants like mustard, groundnut, sunflower.

Root Crops

Crop plants like sweet potato.

Tuber Crops

Crop plants like potato, tapioca.

Sugar Crops

Crop plants like sugarcane, beetroot.

Plantation Crops

Crop plants like tea, coffee, rubber, coconut.

Fibre Crops

Crop plants like cotton, jute.

Feed Crops

Crop plants like oats, alfalfa.

Kharif Crops

Crops grown in the rainy season (June to September).

Rabi Crops

Crops grown in the winter season (October to March).

Zaid

Season for vegetables or low grade cereals, sown in March/April and harvested in June.

Agricultural Practices

Various activities a farmer performs to produce a good crop.

Implements

Tools required during different agricultural practices.

Ploughing

The process of loosening and turning the soil.

Plough

An implement made of wood or iron used for ploughing.

Plough Share

A strong triangular iron strip attached to a plough.

Plough Shaft

A long log of wood attached to a plough share.

Hoe

A simple tool used for removing weeds and ploughing the soil.

Cultivator

An implement driven by a tractor used to break up soil and remove weeds.

Levelling

Crushing big lumps of soil using wooden or iron planks called levellers.

Manuring

The process of applying organic minerals and adding nutrients to the soil.

Humus

A substance rich in nutrients for plants, formed from the decay of dead plants and animals.

Sowing

The process of putting seeds in the soil for growing crop plants.

Seed Drill

An implement used for sowing seeds at equal distances and proper depth.

Broadcasting

Manual sowing of seeds by sprinkling them into the soil by hand.

Seedlings

Small plants transferred and planted in the main field.

Fungicides

Chemicals used to treat seeds and prevent attack by microorganisms.

Field Fallow

Leaving land free for one or more seasons to naturally regain nutrients.

Crop Rotation

Changing crops each season so that the soil is not depleted of any particular nutrient.

Rhizobium

Bacteria present in the nodules of roots of leguminous plants that fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Mixed Cropping

Growing two or more crops simultaneously together in the same field.

Intercropping

Growing two or more crops simultaneously in the same field in rows.

Manures

Organic substances obtained from dead plants and animal wastes.

Green Manure

Crops grown specifically to be ploughed into the soil while they are still green.

Farmyard Manure

A mixture of decomposed cattle dung, left over fodder and litter.

Compost

Prepared by burying all available organic materials in a pit with alternating layers of soil.

Composting

The process by which dead organic matter is converted into rich humus.

Vermicompost

Compost broken down by earthworms.

Fertilisers

Human-made chemical substances that contain one or more nutrients essential for plant growth.

NPK Fertilisers

Fertilisers rich in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) salts.

Irrigation

Supplying water to crops in the field.

Moat

A traditional method of irrigation based on pulley system.

Chain Pump

A traditional method of irrigation using pumps.

Dhekli

A traditional method of irrigation done manually in rural areas.

Rahat (Lever System)

A traditional method of irrigation based on lever system.

Sprinkler Irrigation

A modern method of irrigation that involves pumping water under pressure through rotating nozzles.

Drip Irrigation

A method of microirrigation that delivers water drop-by-drop directly at the base of each plant.

Water Logging

Too much water present in the agricultural field that accumulates around roots of the plants.

Weeding

The process of removing weeds from a field.

Weeds

Unwanted plants that grow along with the crops.

Trowel (Khurpi)

An implement used for manual weeding.

Chemical method

Spraying special chemicals called herbicides or weedicides

Weedicides

Chemicals used to destroy weeds without affecting the crops.

Crop Protection

Protecting crops from stray animals, birds, and pests.

Pests

Animals such as rats and insects that damage crops.

Pesticides

Chemicals used to destroy pests.

Insecticides

Chemicals used to kill insects.

Rodenticides

Chemicals used to kill rodents.

Harvesting

The process of cutting and gathering of crops from the fields after the crops have matured.

Sickle

A tool used for manual harvesting of crops.

Harvester

A machine used for harvesting crops.

Threshing

Separating the grains from the rest of the plant after harvesting.

Thresher

A machine used for threshing.

Winnowing

Separating the grains from the chaff.

Fodder

The stem of the crops cut into pieces and fed to cattle along with the chaff.

Crop Storage

Safely storing harvested food grains.

Silos

Tall cylindrical containers used for bulk storage of grains.

Granaries

Large buildings where grains are stored inside gunny bags.

Fumigation

Insecticide solution converted into fumes.

Green Revolution

Great improvement in crop yield and food production between 1960 and 1980.

Domestication

The practice of rearing and breeding animals for specific purposes.

Domestic Animals

Animals that are reared and bred for specific purposes.

Animal Husbandry

The breeding, feeding, and caring of domestic animals for food and other purposes.

Milch Animals

Animals that provide milk, a rich source of proteins, vitamins and minerals.

Poultry Farming

The practice of rearing birds for eggs and meat.

Broilers

Birds that are especially reared for meat.

Pisciculture

The large-scale rearing of fish for food.

Fin Fish

True fishes that are part of fish farming.

Shell Fish

Prawns, mussels, shrimps, lobsters and crabs

Apiculture

The rearing of honeybees on a large-scale.

Sericulture

Rearing of silkworms to obtain silk.

White Revolution

Increase in milk production.

Blue Revolution

Increase in the fish production.

lodging

The accumulation Water that reduces air in the spaces between soil particles and cutting oxygen supply for roots.

soil fertility

The capacity of a soil to provide all essential nutrients in adequate quantities and in suitable balance for the growth of specified plants

Seed viability

The ability of seeds to germinate under favorable conditions.

High-yielding varieties (HYV)

Crops which give large amount of yield.

scarecrows

A figure made to look like a person and set up to scare birds away from a field where crops are growing

Water-soluble

Able to dissolve in water.

Nitrogen fixation

The chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.

soil erosion

The displacement of the upper layer of soil caused by wind or water

Salinity

Is the measure of the amount of salts dissolved in water

transpiration

The process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves

Ascent of sap

The upward movement of water and dissolved mineral from the shoots to the plants leaf due to transpiration.