Chapter 11 vocab part 2

Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO)

A large indoor or outdoor structure designed for maximum output

Aquaculture

Farming aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweeds

Fishery

A commercially harvestable population of fish within a particular ecological region

Fishery collapse

The decline of a fish population by 90% or more

Bycatch

The unintentional catch of not target species while fishing

Shifting agriculture

An agricultural method in which land is cleared and used for a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients

Soil compaction

A process where repeated trampling by humans, machinery, or animals causes a compaction of soil and a reduction in pore space

Desertification

the transformation of arable, productive land to desert or unproductive land due to climate change or destructive land use

Nomadic grazing

The feeding of herbs of animals by moving them to seasonally productive feeding grounds, often over long distances

Sustainable agriculture

Agriculture that fulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of the soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources, and allowing economic viability for the farmer

Intercropping

An agricultural method in which two or more crop species are planted in the same field at the same time to promote a synergistic interaction

Crop rotation

An agriculture technique in which crop species in a field are rotated from season to season

Agroforestry

An agricultural technique in which trees and vegetables are intercropped

Contour plowing

An agriculture technique in which plowing and harvesting are done parallel to the topographic contours of the land

Perennial plant

A plant that lives for multiple years

Annual plant

A plant that lives only one season

No-till agriculture

An agricultural method in which farmers do not turn the soil between seasons, used as a means of reducing erosion

Integrated pest management (IPM)

An agricultural practices that uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize perticide inputs

Organic agriculture

The production of crops in a way that sustains or improves the soil without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers

Individual transferable quota (ITQ)

A fishery management program in which individual fishers are given a total allowable catch of fish in a season that they can either catch or sell