AP Chemistry Chapter 13 - Solubility

These are some important terms in chapter 13 of the AP Chemistry textbook about solubility.

chromatography

a process used to separate the parts of a solution based on their intermolecular forces

which will travel further - a polar solute in a polar solvent or a nonpolar solute in a polar solvent?

the polar solute in a polar solvent - the intermolecular forces are the same, so they will have greater attraction and will travel further up the paper

what is entropy?

a measure of the disorder of a system

does forming a solution increase or decrease entropy?

increase

do intermolecular forces affect the solubility of a gas?

no - the gases’ intermolecular forces are too weak because they are small (small London dispersion forces)

do intermolecular forces affect the solubility of solids and liquids?

yes, the solid and liquid molecules are large enough to have significant London dispersion forces and they will have some effect

what is solvation?

the formation of the new interactions found between the solute and the solvent

what is hydration?

the solution process when the solvent is water

Hess’s Law

the change in heat of the solution is equal to the change in heat of the solute plus the change in heat of the solvent plus the change in heat of the mixture

what happens when the solution process is too exothermic?

the process will occured too spontaneously

what happens when the process is too endothermic?

the process may not occur at all