ALevel OCR A Chemistry - synthetic routes

alkane to haloalkane mechanism

radical substitution

haloalkane to alcohol reagent

NaOH (aq)

haloalkane to alcohol mechanism

nucleophilic substitution

haloalkane to nitrile reagents

CN-/ethanol

haloalkane to nitrile mechanism

nucleophilic substitution

haloalkane to amine reagents

NH3/ethanol

haloalkane to amine mechanism

nucleophilic substitution

alcohol to alkene reagents

H3PO4/H2SO4 heat

alcohol to alkene mechanism

elimination

primary alcohol to aldehyde reagents

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 distillation

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid reagents

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 reflux

secondary alcohol to ketone reagents

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 reflux

nitrile to amine reagents

H2/Ni OR LiAlH

nitrile to amine mechanism

nucleophilic addition

nitrile to carboxylic acid reagents

H2O/HCl heat

ketone to secondary alcohol reagents

NaBH4

ketone to secondary alcohol mechanism

nucleophilic addition

aldehyde to primary alcohol reagents

NaBH4

aldehyde to primary alcohol mechanism

nucleophilic addition

alcohol to ester reagents

carboxylic acid/conc H2SO4 OR acid anhydride

ketone to hydroxynitrile reagents

NaCN(aq)/H+(aq)

ketone to hydroxynitrile mechanism

nucleophilic addition

hydroxynitrile to amine reagent

H2/Ni

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile reagent

NaCN(aq)/H+(aq)

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile mechanism

nucleophilic addition

aldehyde to carboxylic acid reagent

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 heat

hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid reagent

H2O/HCl heat

ester to carboxylic acid reagent

dilute acid, heat

carboxylic acid to ester reagent

alcohol, conc H2SO4

carboxylic acid to acyl chloride reagent

SOCl2

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid reagent

H2O

acyl chloride to primary amide reagent

NH3

acyl chloride to secondary amide reagent

primary amide

acyl chloride to ester reagent

alcohol

ester to carboxylate reagent

OH- heat

benzene to methylbenzene reagent (alkylation)

CH3Cl/AlCl3

benzene to methylbenzene mechanism (alkylation)

electrophilic substitution

benzene to bromobenzene reagent

Br2 AlBr3/FeBr3

benzene to bromobenzene mechanism

electrophilic substitution

benzene to chlorobenzene reagent

Cl2 AlCl3/FeCl3

benzene to chlorobenzene mechanism

electrophilic substitution

benzene to phenylethanone reagent (acylation)

CH3COCl AlCl3

benzene to phenylethanone mechanism (acylation)

electrophilic substitution

phenylethanone to phenylethanol reagent

NaBH4

benzene to nitrobenzene reagent

conc HNO3 conc H2SO4

benzene to nitrobenzene mechanism

electrophilic substitution

nitrobenzene to phenylamine reagent

Sn conc HCl

phenylamine to 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine reagent

Br2

phenylamine to 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine mechanism

electrophilic substitution

phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol reagent

Br2

phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol mechanism

electrophilic substitution

phenol to sodium phenoxide reagent

NaOH(aq)

phenol to 2-nitrophenol/4-nitrophenol

dilute HNO3

alkene to alkane reagents

H2/Ni

alkene to alkane mechanism

electrophilic addition

alkene to haloalkane reagents

hydrogen halide

alkene to haloalkane mechanism

electrophilic addition

alkene to alcohol reagents

H2O (steam)/H3PO4

alkene to alcohol mechanism

electrophilic addition

alkane to haloalkane reagents

halogen/UV