Science Spaced Repetiton- Garrett

Obsidian

"snowflake" variety, forms in ryolite flows.

Piezoelectricity

Electric lighters operate on this effect, stress or strain produces an electric current.

Twin Paradox

First explained by Paul Langevin in 1911.

Bones

B cells form within a tissue contained in this tissue.

Pili

Line the outside of bacteria, composed of oligomeric proteins.

Lipids

Many are composed of long-chain carboxylic acids attached by ester bonds to molecules of glycerol.

Niels Bohr

Developed the complimentary system, in which position is coupled with momentum and waves are coupled with particles.

Ultraviolet Light

Lyman series occurs in this spectrum, as does Cherenkov Radiation.

Eucalyptus

contains genus, Centurion

Flatworms

Have segments called proglottids.

Zinc

Used for galvanizing steel and appears with copper in brass alloys.

Sulfur

Removed from natural gas in the Claus process

Bill Nye

Began his career as a mechanical engineer at Boeing.

Steel

Produced in the Gilchrist-Thomas process. zDamascus variety

Solar Sail

Propulsion method that relies on light pressure generated by the sun, first noticed by Kepler.

Joseph Priestley

Invented soda water. Wrote "The History and Present State of Electricity"

Battery

Crowfoot and Daniell were lower were early varieties.

RNA

Measles and poliovirus are viruses with genomes composed of this molecule.

Moraines

Compose Cape Cod and Long Island's hilly north

Commensalism

whale and remora is example

Albedo

Reflecting power of a surface

Baryons

From Greek word for heavy. subatomic particles composed of quarks

Lichen

Symbiotic relationship with fungus and algae or cyanobacteria.

Water

Protic solvent that is both acidic and basic.

Stephen Hawking

artificial intelligence and black holes

Resonance

Hypothesized to have caused the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse. Explains why glass shatters when exposed to a note of the right pitch.

Nuclear Fusion

First carried out by Mark Oliphant in 1932.

Reversible Process

Reaction whose products and reactants can form each other in equilibrium amounts.

Temperature

Kinetic theory suggest that this variable is proportional to the amount of kinetic energy particles have through random motion.

Quantum Numbers

Used to describe the characteristics of the electrons around an atom.

Urine

Diabetes insipidus causes an increase in the production of this substance.

Escape Velocity

Speed a craft needs to no longer be influenced by a planet's gravitational field.

Diode

Operation governed by the Shockley equation, there are Zener and Schottky types. Only allow current to flow in one direction.

Electricity

movement of subatomic particles, field can be positive or negative.

Filter Feeders

Poriferans are this type of organism.

Mutations

Radiation can increase this phenomenon, as in thymine-thymine dimerization.

Boron

This element can violate the octet rule, becoming stable with six electrons.

Opium

Most notable constituents are alkaloids, such as thebaine

Rachel Carson

Wrote, "Under the Sea-Wind"

Drag

When this quantity is equal to gravitational force, the object has reached terminal velocity.

Molarity

moles per kilogram, moles of solute per mass of solvent.

Electric Field

Changes the refractive index of a material in the Kerr effect

Exothermic Reaction

Type of reaction, decreases enthalpy.

Torque

time derivation of angular momentum, cross product of position and force, symbolized tau, the rotational analog of force

Energy

Boltzmann population factor can be used to determine if a substance has enough of this to react.

Eta Carinae

8000 light years from Earth. Contains the only star known to emit laser light naturally.

Magnetite

Chitons have teeth coated in this, a small amount is in the brain of certain pigeons.

Diffraction

Experiment by Thomas Young (Double Slit). Airy Disk, Fraunhofer, Fresnel

Xenon

Part of first Noble gas compound created. heaviest stable noble gas.

Impulse

Instantaneous change in momentum of a system.

2nd law of thermodynamics

First fully formulated in 1850 by Rudolf Clausius.

Transform Boundary

Exist along mid-ocean ridges.

Mixing

Opposite referred to as segregation.

Tapeworm

Polygonoporus giganticus

Sally Ride

Degree in astrophysics from Stanford University in 1978.

Limiting Reagent

Ends reaction by running out first. Shortcut determination is: amount of reactant X present divided by coefficient of reactant X.

Conservation of Mass

Proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the 1700s.

Ptolemy

Created the oldest surviving table of a trigonometric function. "Guide to Geography" and "Amalgest"

Golgi Apparatus

Processes ATP for use in phosphorylation.

Plasmodium

Found in mosquito. Main cause of Malaria, parasitic protozoan

Double Bond

Exists between carbon and oxygen in aldehydes and ketones. Consists of a pi and sigma bond.

De Broglie

Worked on non-nullity, the idea that the photon and neutrino are not massless. Stated the wave-particle duality of light.

Patina

Indication of aging, verdigris on bronze is an example.

Pseudopods

Found on certain protozoa and on eukaryotic cells known as amoeboid.

Faraday Cage

devices that do not allow electromagnetic radiation of certain wavelength to enter them.

Schwann Cell

Guillain-Barre syndrome attacks these. Separated by the Nodes of Ranvier. Provide support for neurons, forming the myelin sheath of the PNS.

Corpus Callosum

Largest white matter structure in the brain. Connects left and right hemispheres.

Compton Scattering

Discovered in 1923 at Washington University.

Aves

specialized stomach called gizzard

Olivine

Peridot is a variety of this. Magnesium Iron Silicate.

Carrying Capacity

Total number of organisms a region can carry without depleting all of its resources.

Richard Feynman

Nobel Prize for contributions to quantum electrodynamics.

Aerosol

Colloidal solid or liquid particles suspended in a gaseous phase. perfume or paint atomizer nozzles create an example.

Cuticle

Waxy coating on the leaves of most plants.

Velocity

Fluid pressure decrease when it increases.

Speed of Sound

340 meters per second in air.

Viscosity

Newtonian fluids have a constant value for this parameter. Resistance to flow.

Black Dwarves

Stars that emit no radiation. Thought the universe isn't old enough for them to exist yet (not until universe is 10 to the fifteenth years old.

Polyprotic Acid

Malonic and oxalic acids. Multiple equivalence points.

Felidae

obligate carnivores with retractable claws, genus acinonyx

Pi Bond

Molecules with this type of bond cannot rotate about their axis of interaction freely without breaking the bonds.

Tay-Sachs Disease

Caused by a mutation in the HEXA gene, chromosome 15. Common in those of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.

Giant Sequoia

One example is "President." "wawona"

Special relativity

Founder of this theory used Lorentz equations to derive a relationship that replaced the classical law of addition of velocities.

Monera

Organisms first theorized by Ernst Haeckel.

Microtubules

Found in basal bodies. Key component of cytoskeleton. Composed of tubulin.

Tachyons

Greek word for "quick" or "swift." Theoretical particles that can travel faster than the speed of light.

Photoelectric Effect

Event first observed by Heinrich Hertz. Metal releases electrons when hit by photons.

Tungsten

Used in counterfeit gold bars due to its similar density.

Claude Bernard

First to describe the underlying principle of what would come to be called homeostasis.

Click Chemistry

Term coined by Karl Barry Sharpless and was part of his 2001 Nobel in Chemistry.

Moho Discontinuity

Separates lithosphere from athenosphere (crust and mantle)

Beryl

Emerald is a form of this mineral.

Lasers

Use simulated emission of radiation to amplify light.

Tumor Suppressors

discourage abnormal tissue growth, examples are p53 and PTEN

Heisenberg

Stated that both momentum and position of a particle could not be measured exactly at the same time.

Spores

Lycopodium powder is made of these. Derived from club mosses and quillworts.

Mass-Energy Equivalence

E=MC2. First proposed in the Annus Mirabilis papers of 1905.

Free Energy

Denoted F or G, Helmhotz and Gibbs varieties. The amount of work a system can do.

Androgynous

Person having both male and female characteristics