AP Lang Vocab List #3

Term Sheet 2 & 3

Trope

The use of a word or phrase in a way not intended by its normal signification

Scheme

A change in standard word order or pattern (syntax)

Anaphora

A scheme in which the same word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of sentences

Anastrophe

A scheme In which normal word order is changed for emphasis

Antithesis

A scheme that makes use of contrasting words, phrases, sentences or ideas for emphasis

Apostrophe

A scheme in which a person or an abstract quality is directly addressed

Epistrophe

A scheme in which the same word is repeated at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences

Hyperbole

A trope composed of exaggerated words or ideals used for emphasis and not to be taken literally

Asyndeton

Omission of conjunctions

Irony

A trope in which a word or phrase is used to mean the opposite of its literal meaning

Litotes

A trope in which one makes a deliberate understatement for emphasis

Metaphor

A trope in which a word or phrase is transferred from its literal meaning to stand for something else

Metonymy

A trope that substitutes an associated word for one that is meant

Oxymoron

A trope that connects two contradictory terms

Periphrasis

A trope in which one substitutes a descriptive word or phrase for a proper noun

Rhetorical Question

A trope in which one asks a leading question (brings back to context and message)

Synecdoche

A trope in which a part stands for the whole

Zeugma

A trope in which one verb governs several words, or clauses, each in a different sense

Pathos

Appeals to emotions, aimed at the audiences heart

Ethos

Appeals to audiences view of the speaker and subject (Good sense, high moral character and good will)

Logos

Appeals to reason (Aimed at audiences acceptance of facts and reason)

Tone

Speakers attitude about the topic or subject

Analogy

Complex comparison

Appeal to authority

A rhetorical strategy that appeals to things such as government and religion

Analysis of Language

A rhetorical strategy that looks at parallelism, allusions and examples (relevancy)

Qualifying the argument

A rhetorical strategy that shows you have no limit to your argument and no sweeping generalizations