Anatomy and Physiology I - Introduction and Tissues

Flashcards covering anatomical terminology, microscopy, and the four basic tissue types as discussed in the introductory lecture.

Scurvy

A condition caused by a deficiency in Vitamin C, historically prevented by sailors through the consumption of lemons and limes.

Otic

The anatomical term referring to the ear.

Integument

Another name for the skin.

Erythrocyte

The technical term for a red blood cell.

Thrombocyte

The technical term for a blood platelet, which is involved in forming clots.

Leukocyte

The technical term for a white blood cell.

Lumen

The inner area of a hollow organ, such as the stomach, bladder, or a blood vessel.

Lacunae

Small spaces or "villages" within connective tissue, such as bone or cartilage, where cells reside.

Osteon

The functional unit of bone, characterized by laminated rings that resemble tree rings for multi-directional strength.

Costal

An anatomical term referring to the ribs.

Intercalated discs

Specialized junctions or tunnels in cardiac muscle that allow for rhythmic chemical communication and contraction.

Gap junctions

Protein tunnels in muscle cells, synonymous with intercalated discs in cardiac tissue, that facilitate rhythm.

Simple

An epithelial tissue classification indicating the tissue is one layer thick.

Stratified

An epithelial tissue classification indicating the tissue consists of more than one layer.

Squamous

Epithelial cells that are flat in shape.

Cortex

The outer part or "bark" of an organ, such as the renal cortex or cerebral cortex.

Medulla

The inner portion of an organ, such as the pyramids found in the renal medulla.

Polycythemia

A condition characterized by an abnormally high red blood cell count.

Thrombocytopenia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of platelets, making a person more likely to bleed.

Goblet cells

Clear, mucus-secreting cells found within the simple columnar epithelium of the small intestine.

Scanning lens

The shortest microscope lens, used as "first gear" with a total magnification of $40\times$.

Oil immersion lens

The longest microscope lens ($1000\times$), which uses oil to pull light through smoothly and reduce distortion.

Hyaline cartilage

A prevalent type of connective tissue found in rib connections, the fetal skeleton, and the ends of bones.

Adipose

A type of connective tissue consisting of fat, often found at the bottom layer of the skin.

Atrophy

The loss of muscle strength or body mass due to disuse or inactivity.