Week 1 Pre-Work

One Health

A unifying approach that aims to balance and improve the health of people, animals, and the ecosystem.

Quadripartite

The four agencies involved in One Health:WHO, WOAH, FAO, UNEP.

Endemic/Enzootic

Constant presence of a disease within a specific geographical area and population.

Epidemic/Epizootic

More cases of a disease than expected in a given area and population over a certain time.

Pandemic/Panzootic

An epidemic occurring in more than one country affecting a large population.

USDA-APHIS

Agency responsible for the safe use of biologicals in animals and reporting livestock diseases.

USDA-FSIS

Agency that inspects meat, poultry, and egg products.

CDC

Agency focused on human health concerns and zoonotic diseases.

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Resistance spreading from poultry to people in Tanzania through various transmission routes.

Horizontal Transmission

Direct or indirect contact transmission of zoonotic diseases.

Vertical Transmission

Transmission of infectious agents from mother to fetus or offspring.

Reservoir

An organism in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies.

Amplifier

Animals that produce a high viral load, increasing transmission risk.

Dead-end/Incidental Host

Hosts that do not support significant replication of the infectious agent.

US NLRAD

National list of reportable animal diseases monitored at state and federal levels.

Lyme Disease

A disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by ticks.

Climate Change Effects on Lyme Disease

Increased temperatures allow ticks to expand their range and activity period.

Leptospira

A zoonotic bacterial pathogen prevalent in warm, tropical areas.

Epidemiological Triad

The interaction between the agent, host, and environment that results in disease.

Chain of Infection

The sequence of events that lead to the spread of infectious diseases.

Routes of Disease Transmission

Airborne, direct contact, oral/ingestion, fomites, vector.

Principles of Biosecurity

Risk assessment, separation of healthy animals, and cleaning/disinfection.

Avian Influenza Virus

A virus with wild birds as reservoirs, affecting domestic poultry.

Salmonella

A zoonotic disease transmitted via fecal-oral route from infected animals.

West Nile Virus

A disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with wild birds as reservoirs.

Techniques for Zoonoses Prevention

WASH practices around livestock and poultry.

Cryptosporidiosis

An enteric disease common in calves, transmitted via fecal-oral route and airborne.

Swine Influenza Virus

A respiratory disease in pigs, transmitted through respiratory secretions.

Q Fever

A disease associated with live birthing events, transmitted through inhalation and contact.

Raccoons

Reservoirs for various zoonotic diseases, including Giardia and rabies.