logical fallacies

Either-or Fallacy

An argument suggesting there are only 2 options or outcomes, leading the audience to believe one option is the obvious correct choice

Hasty Generalization

Making a rushed conclusion without considering all factors or variables. Stereotypes are a gross form of this fallacy

Appeal to Ignorance

Claiming something must be true or false because there isn’t evidence to the contrary

Bandwagon appeal

Arguing that something must be true, good, or acceptable because many people believe, agree, or do it

Appeal to authority

Basing an argument on the premise that a famous person believes it, or using an endorser unrelated to the topic

Ad Hominem

Attacking a person’s character or credentials instead of addressing their argument

Slippery Slope Fallacy

Suggesting that taking a minor action will lead to major and sometimes ridiculous consequences

False/Faulty Causality

Assuming that because one event followed another, the first caused the second

Weak Analogy

Using an analogy to prove or disprove an argument, but the analogy is too dissimilar to be effective

Appeals to Pity/Overly Emotional Appeals

Using pathos (pity, fear, pride, vanity) as the basis of an argument

Straw Man Argument

Misrepresenting an opponent’s stance to make arguing against them more convenient

Non-Sequitur Fallacy

A conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement