The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

A series of events that began in Britain in the 1700s, transforming the way of life through the introduction of complex machines and urbanization.

Second Agricultural Revolution

Changes in farming methods that boosted food production, leading to population growth and improved living conditions.

Enclosure Movement

The consolidation of small farms into larger ones by wealthy landowners, causing job losses for farmers and rural-urban migration.

Steam Engine

Invention crucial to the Industrial Revolution, initially used to pump water from mines and later powered machinery, locomotives, and steamships.

Iron Production

Transition from charcoal to coal for smelting iron, resulting in higher quality and more affordable iron used in machines and the steam engine.

Anesthetic

A drug that prevents pain during surgery, revolutionizing medical practices and reducing patient suffering.

Spinning Jenny

A key invention in the textile industry, enabling the mass production of yarn and accelerating industrialization.

Urbanization

Transformation of rural areas into industrial towns and cities, driven by the need for labor and resulting in social changes and the rise of the middle class.

Population Growth

Result of the Agricultural Revolution, leading to increased food production, improved health, and advancements in medical care and sanitation.

Capitalism

Economic system that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, characterized by private ownership of the means of production and profit-driven markets.