CISC Final Exam

Microprocessor

The part of the computer that executes the instructions of a computer program, central processing unit

Green computing

involves reducing the environmental waste generated when using a computer

Supercomputers

largest and fastest computers, capable of storing and processing large volumes of data.

Embedded computers

special-purpose computer that performs specific tasks and can be found in a range of devices such as a digital watch or an MP3 player.

Convergence

the process of integrating different technologies, devices, and services into a single, unified system

Ubiquitous

present or existing everywhere

Spreadsheets

Computer programs that convert data into tables, charts, and graphs.

open source software

source code is made freely available and users can modify it

the internet

A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other.

Software as a service (Saas)

s a way to deliver software over the internet on a subscription basis

Paas

a cloud computing model that provides a pre-built environment for developers to build, run, and manage applications without worrying about the underlying hardware and software infrastructure.

Iaas

where a third-party provider rents out the core IT infrastructure—like servers, storage, and networking—to businesses

Algorithm

a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem

Bluetooth

wireless technology to transfer data

(Random acess memory )RAM

computers short term memory for temporary data storage

Read only memory (ROM)

permanently stores essential instructions, like the basic startup program for a device, and retains its data even when the power is off

3-d printer

a machine that builds a physical object from a digital design by adding material one layer at a time

firewall

a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.

resolution

the number of pixels that make up an image, displayed on a screen or in a digital file

mobile applications

A software program that runs on mobile devices and gives users access to certain content

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.

Domain name

the part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a particular domain.

web browser

a software application that allows users to access and view content on the World Wide Web, such as webpages, images, and videos

IP address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

instant messaging

Online communication that allows two or more participants to communicate in real time

captcha

A distorted image of letters and numbers used to prevent automated use of websites

information processing cycle

series of steps that convert raw data into meaningful information, consisting of input, processing, output, and storage

properties

a characteristic or attribute of an object that defines its state, behavior, or settings.

coding/syntax

coding is the act of creating instructions,

Syntax is the set of rules governing how those instructions must be written.

B2C ecommerce

is the online sale of goods or services directly from a business to an individual consumer

LAN

local area network, a group of connected computers and devices in a small localized area like a home, office, or school

WAN

wide area network, a computer network that connects smaller networks, like LANS, over larger geographical areas

Buses

electronic pathways through which data can be transferred.

solid state/optical

opical storage uses a laser to read and write date on a spinning disc (cd/dvd), solid-state storage uses electronic chips with no moving parts, making it faster and more durable

hash

a function that converts an input of letters and numbers into an encrypted output of a fixed length

ethernet standards/protocols

router

a networking device that connects different computer networks by forwarding data packets between them

VPN

virtual private network, an. encrypted connection over a public network that protects your data and masks your ip address

phishing

attackers trick people into giving up sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card numbers, by pretending to be a legitimate or trusted source

boolean operators

using words such as "and", "but", and "or" when typing in search terms to focus the results

cyberterrorism

A form of terrorism that makes use of high technology, especially computers and the internet, in the planning and carrying out of terrorist attacks.

shareware

software distribution model where users receive a limited version of software product, either with a free trial period or restricted features, the core concept is "try before you buy"

freemium

a company offers a basic version of a product or service for free, with the option for users to pay for a premium, more advanced version

virus/worm

virus/worm

Both are types of malicious software (malware), but the key difference is the worm's ability to spread autonomously through vulnerabilities, while a virus relies on user action to activate and move.

primary key

a column or a set of columns in a database table that uniquely identifies each row (or record) in that table.

one-to-many relationship

a connection where one item can be linked to multiple other items, but each of those items can only be linked to one original item (single customer who can have many orders)

OSS

open source software, source code is made freely available to the public. Anyone can use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code, typically for free, under certain licensing terms

SDLC Phases

a structured process for creating software, involving. planning, analysis, design, implementation (coding), testing, deployment, and maintenance

System Requirements

the specifications a computer or system must meet to run a specific software. or hardware. sucessfully

Machine Language

most basic, lowest-level programming language a computer can directly execute without translation, written in binary code (0s an 1s)

VR

virtual reality

AR

augmented reality, technology that overlays computer-generated images and information onto the users view. of the. real world

Project Management SW

designed to help businesses and individuals track projects, tasks, and schedules. T

Service pack

a collection of software product updates, bug fixes, and patches.

Utility software

a program or tool that performs specific tasks to enhance productivity, efficiency, functionality, or maintenance of a computer system

query

commands given to a computer program or a database system to retrieve or modify specific pieces of data.

binary/bits/bytes

binary: base 2 number system

bit: smallest unit of data, can hold one of two values (0 or 1)

byte: group of 8 bits

client/client server/peer to peer

client: comp or sw program that requests services of. resources from another comp known as a server

client server: server. (central powerful comp) provides services/resources to requesting computers (clients)

P2P: all connected computers (referred to as peers) have equal capabilities and can act as both clients and servers.