AP PSYCHOLOGY: Unit 7 - Motivation and Emotion (Part 2)

What theory states we are motivated to do things that enabled our ancestors to survive (these behaviors were passed down to us in our genes)?

Instinct Theory

_______________________ is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal.

Motivation

__________________ is a physiological state that triggers motivational arousal

Need

This theory states we are motivated to maintain an internal balance known as homeostasis. _______________________________________________________________

Drive-Reduction Theory

What theory explains thrill-seeking behavior like racing a car? _____________________________________

Optimal-Arousal Theory

What theory was developed by Maslow? ______________________________________________________

Hierarchy of Needs

What are the levels of Maslow's theory?

Psychological; Safety; Love; Esteem; Self-Actualization; Self-Trancendence

What region of the brain influences feeding, fleeing, fighting, and fornicating?

Hypothalamus

What region of this part causes hunger when stimulated?

Lateral Hypothalamus

What region of this part causes feelings of being satiated/full?

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

When your stomach is growling ______________________ is released from stomach and goes to brain saying you need to eat.

ghrelin

Once you eat enough _________________ in the fat cells in your stomach lining send the "I'm full" message to the brain.

leptin

Your pancreas secretes ___________________ which will drop your blood glucose giving you the feeling that you need to eat.

insulin

Avoidance of foods for fear of gaining weight and a body mass index that is far below normal is characteristic of _____________________________.

Anorexia Nervosa

Binging followed by purging behavior is characteristic of ____________________.

Bulimia Nervosa

Is related to another eating disorder, is often experienced by those who have a history of being criticized for being "chubby" or childhood obesity. They also oftentimes have a history of mood disorders (like depression or bipolar disorder). What type of food is most often "binged" because it temporarily kicks up serotonin levels improving mood?

Sweet Foods

Motivators that are internal (like pride and gratification) are ___________________.

intrinsic

Motivators that include money, rewards, scholarships, approval from peers are _________________________.

entrinsic

What theory of emotion states the physiological arousal (like heart rate) causes the emotion?

James-Lange

What theory states that arousal and emotion actually occur simultaneously?

Cannon-Bard

What theory states one has to appraise (think about) the arousal symptoms before they can be labeled as an emotion?

Two-Factor

When we are ostracized it activates the same region of the brain as does ____________________________.

pain

What is the term for how when we are highly aroused (sympathetic nervous system activation) we can easily transition to another highly aroused emotion (like falling in love at the gym)?

Spill-Over Effect

What states that we generally seek out moderate to high arousal but if we are completing a very difficult/complex task we generally don't want to go into it too nervous or aroused?

Yerkes-Dolson Law

What theory says our weight acts like a thermostat and our body tries to maintain a stable weight like our A/C tries to keep it the same temp even if it is colder or warmer out?

Set-Point

Evidence for this theory includes obese people require ___________ calories to maintain their weight.

less

Looking at fearful faces activates the _________________ in the brain.

amygdala

A release of anger (like punching a wall or burning a picture) is called _________________________________.

catharsis

Facial expressions such as happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, contempt, and disgust are experienced and interpreted by those all over the world which makes these emotions universal. Every culture does not show their emotions as freely as we do in the U.S. though. This is due to _____________________________________.

display rules

By examining the face in thin slices we have have a brief (1/25 of a second) _____________________ that reveals someone's true emotion.

microexpressions/thin slices

The people who are happiest have a tendency to value ____________________ over _______________________.

love; money

People with Type A personalities (especially when easily angered) are at far more risk of ______________________ than the general population.

heart-attack

The three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome are _______________, ___________________, and ________________.

alarm;resistance;exhaustion

We are most vulnerable to illness at the ___________________ stage because prolonged stress suppresses the _______________ system.

exhaustion; immune

What stress hormone causes the suppression of the nervous system?

Cortisol

They find that factors that influence stress include perceived control, social supports, and the way we explain the events that happen in our lives. If I see the good in the bad I am likely to have a positive ________________________________________.

attitude