HMWH Mexico Outside Evidence

Cientificos

Wealthy elites that ran the government under Porfirio Diaz, had a “scientific” approach to law, a bureacracy

Neoliberalism

Advocacy for free-market capitalism as the best economic system

Rurales

Rural police force, expanded by Porfirio Diaz in order to expand power over rural working class Mexicans

Land Laws 1883 and 1894

Porfirio Diaz privatized land, a major disadvantage for indigenous people who had informal land ownership, major shift from state-owned land to haciendado owned land

Cry of Dolores

1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo’s speech for a free mexico, for nationalism, and for catholicism

Plan of the 3 Guarantees

1820 Augustin de Iturbide made a plan for independence from Spain, a constitutional monarchy, communism, and social equality,

La Reforma

Period in 1860s in which newly independent Mexico established land and labor reforms

Plan de Ayutla

Benito Juarez plan to end dictatorship, started La Reforma

Hacienda System

Unfair labor system in Mexico of Haciendado land owners and poor workers on the Hacienda that were underpaid and overworked

Diaz dictatorship

1876-1910

Labor Law of 1931

Established minimum wage, right to collective bargaining and strike, overall workers rights, enforced Constitution of 1917 Article 123

Constitution of 1917 Article 27

Legal basis to make oil owned by the state, set up PEMEX

Constitution of 1917 Article 123

Labor reform, legally obligated safe conditions for workers, was eventually strengthened and enforced by Labor Law of 1931

CROM

Popular labor union backed up by Obregon, gained power and popularity from 1925 onward

PEMEX

Established 1938, Mexican national oil company, expropriated oil industry, semi-communist

Calles Law 1926

Plutarcho Elías Calles implemented a law to further separate church from state, limited rights of Mexican citizens to express religion

Cristero War

1926-29, rural mexicans fought against Calles law

Catholicism prevalence

In 1900, 99.3% of Mexicans identified as Catholic