Aeneid Books 1-6
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1
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Dido is compared to a goddess
Book 1
Dido and Aeneas meet, compared to Diana (virgin goddess) - uninterested in men (after her husband, could be contrasted to the love she feels for Aeneas later on
Dido and Aeneas meet, compared to Diana (virgin goddess) - uninterested in men (after her husband, could be contrasted to the love she feels for Aeneas later on
2
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Aeneas considers killing Helen
Book 2
Aeneas witnesses the murder of Priam, and in a frenzy intends to kill Helen (Trojan War), only stopped by mother Venus (Aphrodite)
Aeneas witnesses the murder of Priam, and in a frenzy intends to kill Helen (Trojan War), only stopped by mother Venus (Aphrodite)
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the death of priam
Book 2
father to polities, king, died in the Trojan war
father to polities, king, died in the Trojan war
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Aeneas receives prophecy from the Harpy.
Book 3
Aeneas and the Trojans are attacked by the harpies, as the eldest harpy tells them that they will only found a new city when they are so hungry they will eat their own tables
Aeneas and the Trojans are attacked by the harpies, as the eldest harpy tells them that they will only found a new city when they are so hungry they will eat their own tables
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Mercury’s second message to Aeneas
Book 4
Mercury visits Aeneas in his dreams for a second time to tell him that he has delayed too long already and must leave at once
Mercury visits Aeneas in his dreams for a second time to tell him that he has delayed too long already and must leave at once
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Venus and Juno’s Scheme
Book 4
Juno sees Dido’s love for Aeneas as a way to keep Aeneas from going to Italy.
Pretending to make a peace offering, Juno suggests to Venus that they find a way to get Dido and Aeneas alone together. If they marry, Juno suggests, the Trojans and the Tyrians would be at peace, and she and Venus would end their feud. Venus knows Juno is just trying to keep the Trojans from Italy but allows Juno to go ahead anyway.
Juno sees Dido’s love for Aeneas as a way to keep Aeneas from going to Italy.
Pretending to make a peace offering, Juno suggests to Venus that they find a way to get Dido and Aeneas alone together. If they marry, Juno suggests, the Trojans and the Tyrians would be at peace, and she and Venus would end their feud. Venus knows Juno is just trying to keep the Trojans from Italy but allows Juno to go ahead anyway.
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Anna’s advice to Dido
Book 4
Anna (Dido’s sister) suggests to Dido that she should follow her desire and get with Aeneas
Anna (Dido’s sister) suggests to Dido that she should follow her desire and get with Aeneas
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The fate of Cassandra
Book 2
Killed in the Trojan War by King Agememnon; Cassandra was a princess of Troy born to King Priam and Queen Hecuba; Known for her gift of prophecy given by Apollo, but was cursed later because she rejected him; Predicted the downfall of Troy, and her death at the hands of Clytemnestra
Killed in the Trojan War by King Agememnon; Cassandra was a princess of Troy born to King Priam and Queen Hecuba; Known for her gift of prophecy given by Apollo, but was cursed later because she rejected him; Predicted the downfall of Troy, and her death at the hands of Clytemnestra
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The death of Creusa
Book 2
Creusa was Aeneas’ wife in Virgil’s epic poem “The Aeneid”. Her death occurs at the end of Book 2 and serves as a manifestation of the will of the Gods. Creusa convinces Aeneas to flee the burning city of Troy. Just as Troy was destined to fall, Creusa was also ordained by the Gods to die.
Creusa was Aeneas’ wife in Virgil’s epic poem “The Aeneid”. Her death occurs at the end of Book 2 and serves as a manifestation of the will of the Gods. Creusa convinces Aeneas to flee the burning city of Troy. Just as Troy was destined to fall, Creusa was also ordained by the Gods to die.
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Aeneas receives the prophecy from Apollo on Delos
Book 3
At Delos, Apollo speaks to Aeneas, instructing him to go to the land of his ancestors.
Anchises interprets Apollo’s remark as a reference to the island of Crete, where one of the great Trojan forefathers — Teucrus — had long ago ruled
At Delos, Apollo speaks to Aeneas, instructing him to go to the land of his ancestors.
Anchises interprets Apollo’s remark as a reference to the island of Crete, where one of the great Trojan forefathers — Teucrus — had long ago ruled
11
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Hector appears to Aeneas in a dream
Book 2
Hector was slain by Achilles previously in the Trojan war.
Hector warns Aeneas that Troy is about to be captured and tells him to gather up his household gods and go found a new city for them
Hector was slain by Achilles previously in the Trojan war.
Hector warns Aeneas that Troy is about to be captured and tells him to gather up his household gods and go found a new city for them
12
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The reaction of Iarbus
Book 4
Suitor for Dido, in which Dido rejected.
After Dido rejects Iarbas, King Iarbas vents his anger in a prayer to Jupiter. Jupiter sends Mercury to Aeneas to remind him that he is shirking his duty to found a new city, and that he must sail from Carthage at once
Suitor for Dido, in which Dido rejected.
After Dido rejects Iarbas, King Iarbas vents his anger in a prayer to Jupiter. Jupiter sends Mercury to Aeneas to remind him that he is shirking his duty to found a new city, and that he must sail from Carthage at once
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The frieze on the Temple of Juno at Carthage
Book 1
Aeneas sees a depiction of the Trojan War on the temple to Juno at Carthage
The frieze contains images of Priam, Achilles and Hector
Shows how impressive and knowledgeable Dido is about the world, and also shocks Aeneas at how his ordeals are known throughout the world
Aeneas sees a depiction of the Trojan War on the temple to Juno at Carthage
The frieze contains images of Priam, Achilles and Hector
Shows how impressive and knowledgeable Dido is about the world, and also shocks Aeneas at how his ordeals are known throughout the world
14
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Juno asks Aeolus to release the winds
Book 1
Juno asks Aeolus (keeper of the winds) to release them and create a storm that would destroy Aeneas' fleet out of hatred for the Trojans.
She offers Aeolus her most beautiful nymph as an enticement.
Juno asks Aeolus (keeper of the winds) to release them and create a storm that would destroy Aeneas' fleet out of hatred for the Trojans.
She offers Aeolus her most beautiful nymph as an enticement.
15
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The treachery of Sinon
Book 2
Sinon pretended to have deserted the Greeks and told the Trojans that the giant wooden horse was intended as a gift to ensure their safe voyage home
Sinon pretended to have deserted the Greeks and told the Trojans that the giant wooden horse was intended as a gift to ensure their safe voyage home
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Venus is disguised as a Spartan/Tyrian girl
Book 1
Venus (Athena) disguises herself, and explains her attire to Aeneas and Achates shortly after their landing in North Africa
She tells them that it is customary for Tyrian girls to carry a quiver and lace their calves up high in red boots
Venus (Athena) disguises herself, and explains her attire to Aeneas and Achates shortly after their landing in North Africa
She tells them that it is customary for Tyrian girls to carry a quiver and lace their calves up high in red boots
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Dido’s tragic back story
Book 1
Dido tells Aeneas her story after he arrives in Carthage
Dido’s wealthy husband, Sychaeus, who lived with her in Tyre, was murdered for his gold by Pygmalion, her brother.
Sychaeus appeared to Dido as a ghost and advised her to leave Tyre with those who were opposed to the tyrant Pygmalion.
She fled, and the emigrant Phoenicians settled across the sea in Libya. They founded Carthage, which has become a powerful city.
Dido tells Aeneas her story after he arrives in Carthage
Dido’s wealthy husband, Sychaeus, who lived with her in Tyre, was murdered for his gold by Pygmalion, her brother.
Sychaeus appeared to Dido as a ghost and advised her to leave Tyre with those who were opposed to the tyrant Pygmalion.
She fled, and the emigrant Phoenicians settled across the sea in Libya. They founded Carthage, which has become a powerful city.
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Virgil’s simile for Neptune putting an end to the storm
Book 1
This simile compares Neptune calming the stormy seas to a respected public figure calming a riotous mob.
Use of furor being overcome by piety - Historical Context
Promoting Augustus
This simile compares Neptune calming the stormy seas to a respected public figure calming a riotous mob.
Use of furor being overcome by piety - Historical Context
Promoting Augustus
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Virgil’s simile to describe the civilisation of the Carthaginians
Book 1
The Carthaginians are referred to as bees; shows hard working community, and being led by the Queen Bee (Dido)
The Carthaginians are referred to as bees; shows hard working community, and being led by the Queen Bee (Dido)
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Venus interprets an omen
Book 1
She shows him where twelve swans are flapping around in peace, even though a little while ago they were being chased by an eagle. Venus interprets this as a sign that everyone is okay.
She shows him where twelve swans are flapping around in peace, even though a little while ago they were being chased by an eagle. Venus interprets this as a sign that everyone is okay.
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Dido’s behaviour as a leader after Venus and Juno’s meddling (contrasted with before)
Book 4
Dido was a strong leader before
Now, after falling in love with Aeneas, she is burning in love - the buildings stop and come to a halt
Dido was a strong leader before
Now, after falling in love with Aeneas, she is burning in love - the buildings stop and come to a halt
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Aeneas’ meeting with Palinurus in the underworld
Book 6
Palinurus was one of Aeneas’ trusted companions who died despite a prophecy from Apollo that he would reach Italy unscathed
Palinurus fell off the boat during a passage across the waters; he washed ashore after 4 days near Velia, making it to Italy.
He was then killed and left unburied, which caused issues because he was unable to cross to the underworld.
He asks for a proper burial, or for Aeneas to help him cross the river. The Sibyl tells him not to cheat his fate by trying to get across the river before he is destined to, but comforts him by saying that he will be long remembered on Earth.
Palinurus was one of Aeneas’ trusted companions who died despite a prophecy from Apollo that he would reach Italy unscathed
Palinurus fell off the boat during a passage across the waters; he washed ashore after 4 days near Velia, making it to Italy.
He was then killed and left unburied, which caused issues because he was unable to cross to the underworld.
He asks for a proper burial, or for Aeneas to help him cross the river. The Sibyl tells him not to cheat his fate by trying to get across the river before he is destined to, but comforts him by saying that he will be long remembered on Earth.
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The doors on the temple of Apollo at Cumae
Book 6
Depiction of the story of the minotaur
The Minotaur was terrorising the island of Crete. To save his own people, King Minos commanded Daedalus to construct an inescapable prison for the beast.
They sent young men and women to the maze, Daedalus’ son Icarus one day went into the maze.
To escape, Daedalus gave him wax wings - told not to fly too close to the sun/ocean or it will melt - flew too close and died (shows themes about the death of Young men)
An example of Ekphrasis (artwork showcasing themes)
Depiction of the story of the minotaur
The Minotaur was terrorising the island of Crete. To save his own people, King Minos commanded Daedalus to construct an inescapable prison for the beast.
They sent young men and women to the maze, Daedalus’ son Icarus one day went into the maze.
To escape, Daedalus gave him wax wings - told not to fly too close to the sun/ocean or it will melt - flew too close and died (shows themes about the death of Young men)
An example of Ekphrasis (artwork showcasing themes)
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The Sibyl’s prophecy
Book 6
Possessed by Apollo, she makes a prophecy: she tells Aeneas that he will reach the kingdom he seeks but that the Trojans will suffer through a horrible war over a “foreign bride”, and he will have to confront a “new Achilles”
Possessed by Apollo, she makes a prophecy: she tells Aeneas that he will reach the kingdom he seeks but that the Trojans will suffer through a horrible war over a “foreign bride”, and he will have to confront a “new Achilles”
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Aeneas’ meeting with Dido in the underworld
Book 6
Dido died after killing herself with the fire pyre that her sister Anna setup
When Aeneas catches sight of Dido’s ghost in the underworld, he stops to try to talk to her. However, their conversation does not get off the ground.
Surprised and saddened, Aeneas speaks to her with some regret and claims that he left her not of his own will.
The shade of Dido turns away from him toward her husband Sychaeus’ shade and Aeneas sheds tears of pity.
Dido died after killing herself with the fire pyre that her sister Anna setup
When Aeneas catches sight of Dido’s ghost in the underworld, he stops to try to talk to her. However, their conversation does not get off the ground.
Surprised and saddened, Aeneas speaks to her with some regret and claims that he left her not of his own will.
The shade of Dido turns away from him toward her husband Sychaeus’ shade and Aeneas sheds tears of pity.
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The pageant of heroes
Book 6
The pageant of heroes refers to a scene where Aeneas descends into the underworld and is shown a pageant of future history and heroes of Rome by his father Anchises. This helps him understand the importance of his mission.
Figures depicted in the pageant of heroes could include Romulus, Julius Caesar, and lastly Augustus.
The pageant of heroes refers to a scene where Aeneas descends into the underworld and is shown a pageant of future history and heroes of Rome by his father Anchises. This helps him understand the importance of his mission.
Figures depicted in the pageant of heroes could include Romulus, Julius Caesar, and lastly Augustus.
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Aeneas’ meeting with Anchises
Book 6 - Anchises is Aeneas’ biological father
When Aeneas finds Anchises in the underworld, they joyously greets and try to hug, but each time the ghost fades away. Parallels to Odysseus in the underworld when Odysseus tries to hug his mum.
Mentions the pageant of heroes (pietas). Seeing Anchises provides closure about Aeneas’ fate, and provides a turning point in the narrative.
When Aeneas finds Anchises in the underworld, they joyously greets and try to hug, but each time the ghost fades away. Parallels to Odysseus in the underworld when Odysseus tries to hug his mum.
Mentions the pageant of heroes (pietas). Seeing Anchises provides closure about Aeneas’ fate, and provides a turning point in the narrative.
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The golden bough
Book 6
the Golden Bough was a tree branch with golden leaves that allowed Aeneas to travel through the underworld safely
the Golden Bough was a tree branch with golden leaves that allowed Aeneas to travel through the underworld safely
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The death and curse of Dido
Book 4
Dido considers the events within the cave to be marriage between her and Aeneas. Aeneas doesn’t consider this marriage, and when Aeneas leaves after being reminded of his duty by Mercury, she is described to be a Maenad, and like a wounded doe.
As such, she kills herself by asking Anna (sister) to setup a pyre to burn Aeneas’ things, but she instead kills herself with it. As Dido creates a dying curse, she foreshadows an eternal conflict between the Trojans and Carthaginians. Persian war.
Dido considers the events within the cave to be marriage between her and Aeneas. Aeneas doesn’t consider this marriage, and when Aeneas leaves after being reminded of his duty by Mercury, she is described to be a Maenad, and like a wounded doe.
As such, she kills herself by asking Anna (sister) to setup a pyre to burn Aeneas’ things, but she instead kills herself with it. As Dido creates a dying curse, she foreshadows an eternal conflict between the Trojans and Carthaginians. Persian war.
30
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Mercury’s first message to Aeneas
Book 4
When Jupiter learns of Dido and Aeneas’s affair, he dispatches Mercury to Carthage to remind Aeneas that his destiny lies elsewhere and that he must leave for Italy. This message shocks Aeneas—he must obey (pietas for sense of duty) but does not know how to tell Dido of his departure.
When Jupiter learns of Dido and Aeneas’s affair, he dispatches Mercury to Carthage to remind Aeneas that his destiny lies elsewhere and that he must leave for Italy. This message shocks Aeneas—he must obey (pietas for sense of duty) but does not know how to tell Dido of his departure.
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The death of Polites
Book 2 (Trojan war)
In Book II of Virgil’s Aeneid, Polites, one of Priam’s sons, is killed by Pyrrhus (also known as Neoptolemus)
Polites falls while escaping Neoptolemus who pursues him to his father’s palace. This event is described as being very graphic, showcasing the tragic death of young men in war.
After Polites dies, Priam rebukes Pyrrhus, throwing a spear at him which harmlessly hits his shield. Pyrrhus then kills Priam on his own altar.
Aeneas is nearly overcome with grief over this slaughter and sees Helen hiding. He determines to kill her but Venus appears and explains that blame for the war belongs with the gods, not Helen.
In Book II of Virgil’s Aeneid, Polites, one of Priam’s sons, is killed by Pyrrhus (also known as Neoptolemus)
Polites falls while escaping Neoptolemus who pursues him to his father’s palace. This event is described as being very graphic, showcasing the tragic death of young men in war.
After Polites dies, Priam rebukes Pyrrhus, throwing a spear at him which harmlessly hits his shield. Pyrrhus then kills Priam on his own altar.
Aeneas is nearly overcome with grief over this slaughter and sees Helen hiding. He determines to kill her but Venus appears and explains that blame for the war belongs with the gods, not Helen.
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Aeneas leaves Troy
Book 2 (Trojan War)
When Troy fell to the Greeks, Aeneas was commanded by Hector in a vision to flee and found a great city overseas.
Aeneas gathered his family and followers and took the household gods (small images) of Troy. In the confusion of leaving the burning city, his wife Creusa disappeared.
Aeneas carried his father Anchises on his back while being led by his young son Ascanius. Could be said to show Pietas.
After everyone exited the city, Aeneas returned to search for Creusa but instead met her shade (or spirit) who told him not to be sorrowful because a new home and wife awaited him in Hesperia.
Somewhat comforted, Aeneas left Troy burning and led the survivors into the mountains.
When Troy fell to the Greeks, Aeneas was commanded by Hector in a vision to flee and found a great city overseas.
Aeneas gathered his family and followers and took the household gods (small images) of Troy. In the confusion of leaving the burning city, his wife Creusa disappeared.
Aeneas carried his father Anchises on his back while being led by his young son Ascanius. Could be said to show Pietas.
After everyone exited the city, Aeneas returned to search for Creusa but instead met her shade (or spirit) who told him not to be sorrowful because a new home and wife awaited him in Hesperia.
Somewhat comforted, Aeneas left Troy burning and led the survivors into the mountains.
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Anchises’ ghost visits Aeneas in a dream
Book 5
In this dream, Anchises tells Aeneas to follow Nautes’ plan, and bring only the best for future difficulties in Italy.
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However, before heading for Italy, Anchises says that Aeneas should visit him in the Underworld with the aid of the Sibyl of Cumae.
In this dream, Anchises tells Aeneas to follow Nautes’ plan, and bring only the best for future difficulties in Italy.
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However, before heading for Italy, Anchises says that Aeneas should visit him in the Underworld with the aid of the Sibyl of Cumae.
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Burning of the ships by the Trojan women
Book 5
The Trojan women set fire to their ships in an effort to end years of wandering after the fall of Troy. They may have wanted to settle down and start anew in a stable location.
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Aeneas prays to Jupiter to preserve the fleet. Immediately after his prayer, a rainstorm hits and ends the conflagration. The clouds and rain in the distance were foreshadowing the storm sent by Jupiter at Aeneas’s request to quench the blaze. Aeneas prayed to Jupiter because he wanted to continue his journey and fulfill his destiny of founding what would become Rome.
The Trojan women set fire to their ships in an effort to end years of wandering after the fall of Troy. They may have wanted to settle down and start anew in a stable location.
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Aeneas prays to Jupiter to preserve the fleet. Immediately after his prayer, a rainstorm hits and ends the conflagration. The clouds and rain in the distance were foreshadowing the storm sent by Jupiter at Aeneas’s request to quench the blaze. Aeneas prayed to Jupiter because he wanted to continue his journey and fulfill his destiny of founding what would become Rome.
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The funeral games held for Anchises 1 year after his death
Book 5
Aeneas realizes that it is the one-year anniversary of his father Anchises’ death after landing and being welcomed by Acestes.
Acestes is the king of Drepanum in western Sicily. He offers hospitality to Aeneas and his people when they land in Sicily after being driven off course by storms.
He proposes eight days of sacrificial offerings and a ninth day of competitive games in honour of his father
Aeneas realizes that it is the one-year anniversary of his father Anchises’ death after landing and being welcomed by Acestes.
Acestes is the king of Drepanum in western Sicily. He offers hospitality to Aeneas and his people when they land in Sicily after being driven off course by storms.
He proposes eight days of sacrificial offerings and a ninth day of competitive games in honour of his father
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Virgil’s simile to describe Dido’s reaction to the news of Aeneas’ departure
Book 4 (Back in Carthage)
Dido is compared to a wounded doe with an arrow fixed in her side that takes her life. This simile is used to describe Dido’s consuming passion for Aeneas and her heartbreak when she learns that he plans to leave Carthage
Dido is compared to a wounded doe with an arrow fixed in her side that takes her life. This simile is used to describe Dido’s consuming passion for Aeneas and her heartbreak when she learns that he plans to leave Carthage
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Virgil’s description of Tarturus
Book 6 (Underworld)
Virgil describes Tartarus as a gigantic place, the deepest part of the underworld. It is surrounded by the flaming river Phlegethon and triple walls to prevent its tormented captives from escaping
Virgil describes Tartarus as a gigantic place, the deepest part of the underworld. It is surrounded by the flaming river Phlegethon and triple walls to prevent its tormented captives from escaping
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The gate of false dreams/ivory
Book 6 (Underworld)
Aeneas gets out of the underworld through this gate
Aeneas gets out of the underworld through this gate
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Aeneas’ meeting with Deiphobus in the underworld
Book 6 (Underworld)
Deiphobus is one of Priam’s sons.
He appears to Aeneas in the Underworld.
He is horribly mutilated during the sack of Troy and tells Aeneas the story of his death, which entails Helen’s betrayal in signaling Menelaus to Deiphobus’s bedchamber.
While with Aeneas, he begs the gods for revenge against the Greeks.
Deiphobus is one of Priam’s sons.
He appears to Aeneas in the Underworld.
He is horribly mutilated during the sack of Troy and tells Aeneas the story of his death, which entails Helen’s betrayal in signaling Menelaus to Deiphobus’s bedchamber.
While with Aeneas, he begs the gods for revenge against the Greeks.
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Personification of Rumour
Book 4 (Dido)
This is when Dido and Aeneas are in the cave, and Virgil describes it as an odd creature that spreads the rumor of the liaison between Aeneas and Dido
This is when Dido and Aeneas are in the cave, and Virgil describes it as an odd creature that spreads the rumor of the liaison between Aeneas and Dido
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Laocoon and his sons are killed by the sea serpents
Book 2 (Trojan War)
Laocoon was a Trojan priest who warned the Trojans against bringing the wooden horse of the Greeks into their city. By interfering with the natural course of events he incurred the wrath of the gods, who sent sea-serpents to kill him and his two sons
Laocoon was a Trojan priest who warned the Trojans against bringing the wooden horse of the Greeks into their city. By interfering with the natural course of events he incurred the wrath of the gods, who sent sea-serpents to kill him and his two sons
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Virgil’s simile to describe Dido after she has been struck by Cupid’s bow
Book 4 (Dido)
Virgil compares "poor Dido" to a doe who doesn't realize that a hunter's arrow is still stuck in her side.
Virgil compares "poor Dido" to a doe who doesn't realize that a hunter's arrow is still stuck in her side.
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The storm whilst Dido and Aeneas are hunting
Book 4 (Dido)
While Dido and Aeneas are out hunting, Juno brings a storm down upon them in order to delay Aeneas from reaching Italy.
The two scramble for shelter and Aeneas and Dido wind up in a cave by themselves. They make love in the cave and live openly as lovers when they return to Carthage.
The events in the cave is interpreted as marriage by Dido, but not by Aeneas.
While Dido and Aeneas are out hunting, Juno brings a storm down upon them in order to delay Aeneas from reaching Italy.
The two scramble for shelter and Aeneas and Dido wind up in a cave by themselves. They make love in the cave and live openly as lovers when they return to Carthage.
The events in the cave is interpreted as marriage by Dido, but not by Aeneas.
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Jupiter’s prophecy
Book 1
Jupiter delivers a major prophecy that forecasts Rome’s national glory. He assures Venus that Aeneas will eventually find his promised home in Italy and that two of Aeneas’s descendants, Romulus and Remus, will found the mightiest empire in the world.
Jupiter delivers a major prophecy that forecasts Rome’s national glory. He assures Venus that Aeneas will eventually find his promised home in Italy and that two of Aeneas’s descendants, Romulus and Remus, will found the mightiest empire in the world.
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Aeneas kills 7 stags to feed his crew
Book 1
After landing their remaining seven ships at a cove in Libya, Aeneas hikes up a mountain to try to see if any other of his men’s ships are out on the water. Instead, he spots a herd of deer and shoots seven of them. This highlights his role as a provider to his people, and shows his piety.
After landing their remaining seven ships at a cove in Libya, Aeneas hikes up a mountain to try to see if any other of his men’s ships are out on the water. Instead, he spots a herd of deer and shoots seven of them. This highlights his role as a provider to his people, and shows his piety.