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When did Texas join the union?
Texas joined the Union as the 28th state in 1845
When was the Texas Constitution written?
Written in 1876, with over 500 amendments
What is the Texas Creed?
1836 Constitution protecting slavery and slaveholders' rights
Population Demographics at the Time of Independence
Diverse population including Native Americans, Mexicans, Tejanos, Anglo settlers, and African Americans
Primary Motivation for Texas Independence
Cultural, political, and economic factors, desire for local autonomy and preservation of slaveholding practices
Traditionalist Interpretation
Emphasizes heroic actions of Anglo settlers and Texan fight for independence
Revisionist Interpretation
Balanced view, incorporating perspectives of Native Americans, Tejanos, and Mexican settlers
Individualistic Political Culture
Emphasizes individual achievement and limited government intervention
Traditionalistic Political Culture
Values social hierarchy and supports existing political order
Moralistic Political Culture
Emphasizes collective good and active citizen participation
Provincial Political Culture
Focus on local concerns and limited government intervention
Amendment Process
Proposed by Texas Legislature or constitutional convention, approved by voters
Length of Texas Constitution
Notably long with over 500 amendments
Founding Principles of Texas Constitution
Protection of individual rights, limited government intervention, separation of powers, popular sovereignty
Powers of the Texas Governor
Executive, legislative, and limited judicial powers
Weaknesses of Texas Governor
Plural executive system, veto override by two-thirds majority
Plural Executive
Division of executive powers among multiple elected officeholders
Texas Attorney General
State's chief legal officer, provides legal advice to state agencies
Comptroller
Manages state's finances and tax collection
Secretary of State
Oversees elections, maintains official state records
Bill Becoming Law
Introduced, reviewed, amended, voted on, approved by both chambers, signed by governor
Companion Bill
Second bill addressing the same issue as the first bill
Texas Legislative Schedule
Regular session for 140 days every odd-numbered year, divided into parts
When was Republic of Texas Established?
It was established in 1836
Veto
Governor's power to reject a bill, overridden by two-thirds majority
Line-Item Veto
Governor's power to veto specific provisions within a bill
Bicameral Legislature
Two separate chambers: House of Representatives and Senate
Speaker of the House
Elected presiding officer of the House of Representatives
Lieutenant Governor
Elected presiding officer of the Senate
Formal Powers of Texas Legislature
Passing laws, approving state budget, levying taxes, impeachment
Resolution
Formal expression of Legislature's opinion or decision
Law
Rule or regulation established and enforced by government
Quorum
Minimum number of members required for official business
Tenth Amendment
Reserves powers to states or people, supports federalism
Checks and Balances
Limits powers of each branch of government
Balance of Power
Division of power between federal and state governments
Redistricting
Redrawing electoral district boundaries in response to population changes
Social Construction
Societal concepts and categories shaped by social interactions and institutions
Note 
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