Chemistry - States of matter pp

Define Vaporisation (evaporation)

The change of state from liquid to gas as particles gain energy, get hotter, speed up and move further apart.

Define condensation

The change of state from gas to a liquid as the particles loose energy, get cooler, slow down and come together.

Define deposition.

The change of state from gas to solid as particles loose energy, get cooler, slow down and come together.

Define sublimination

The change of state from solid to gas as particles gain energy, get hotter, speed up and move further apart.

At what temperature does vaporisation occur?

At all temperatures.

Where does vaporisation occur?

At the surface of the liquid.

What is the particles model used for?

To explain the difference between solids, liquids and gasses.

What does the particle theory state?

1) All substances are made up of particles
2) Those particles are all attracted to each other (some stronger than others)
3) The particles move around (They have kinetic energy)
4) The kinetic energy (moving around) of particles increased with temperaure.

How is the shape of form of an object changed?

A change in shape or form is changed when force is applied to Bend, break, stretch, twist, compress, or crush.

Define compression

When a SLG is cooled, it contracts or gets smaller, causing the volume to decrease but density to increase.

Define expansion

When a SLG is heated, it expands or gets bigger, causing the volume to increase but density to decrease.

List the 3 states of matter + extra 2

solid, liquid, gas + plasma, Bose Einstein condensation

Describe the particle arrangement of a solid

- Composed of strongly bonded particles
- Particles have very little space between them
- Particles don't move and just vibrate in place because of how strongly they are bonded
- Lack of space means they cant be compressed.
- Rigid shape/definite that does not change
- Has definite volume

Describe the particle arrangement of a liquid

- Particles are bonded but not as strongly as solids
- Particles have very little space between each other
- Particles are able to flow freely, but are still attracted to each other a little bit
- Little space between the particles means that they can not be compressed
- They take the shape of the container that they are in
- Has definite volume

Describe the particle arrangement of a gas

- Particles are not bonded together at all, very little attraction
- Particles have a lot of space between each other
- Particles are able to fly freely as they want in all directions as they are not attracted to each other at all.
- Lots of space between particles mean that they can be condensed
- Fill their containers.
- Fills the volume of the container

List the 6 changes of state

Freezing, Melting, Vaporisation, condensation, deposition and sublimation.

Define freezing

The change of state from a liquid into a solid as the particles loose energy, get cooler, slow down and bond together.

Define melting

The change of state from solid to liquid as particles gain energy, get hotter, speed up and move further apart.